Cleveland-Cliffs Burns Harbor steel plant
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Cleveland-Cliffs Burns Harbor steel plant, also known as Burns Harbor, ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor steel plant (predecessor), ArcelorMittal - Bethlehem Steel, is a blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) steel plant operating in Burns Harbor, Indiana, United States.
Location
The map below shows the exact location of the plant in Burns Harbor, Indiana, United States:
- Location: 250 W. U.S. Highway 12, Burns Harbor, IN 46304-9745, United States
- Coordinates (WGS 84): 41.631221, -87.143846 (exact)
Background
The Burns Harbor steel plant was built by the Bethlehem Steel group and began operating in 1964 as one of the largest integrated steel plants in the United States. It relied on the Port of Indiana to import raw materials. In 2003, Bethlehem Steel was bought by ISG for $1.5 billion in 2003. In 2007, ArcelorMittal acquired ISG (and the plant) for $4.5 billion.[1][2] The facility was then bought in 2020 by Cleveland Cliffs in a $1.4 billion deal with ArcelorMittal.[3]
Environmental Compliance
Burns Harbor has had a long track record of environmental damage. During construction, Bethlehem Steel leveled several ecologically important sand dunes conservationists were attempting to protect (which later became the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore).[4]
In 2018, the facility was named the "largest source of industrial lead pollution" in the country after emitting nearly 18,000 pounds of lead and 173,000 pounds of benzene in 2016.[4]
In August 2019, the facility had to use Lake Michigan water for its blast furnace gas air scrubbers after a pump failure in the plant's blast furnace water recycling system. Since the pumps were not functioning, the facility ended up discharging many more millions of gallons of untreatable water which flowed to the East Arm of the Little Calumet River. The water contained cyanide and ammonia-nitrogen which exceeded its NPDES permit limit; an estimated 3,000 fish died in the Little Calumet River due to this incident, and nearby beaches and a drinking water intake facility had to be closed. The blast furnace pumps stopped operating for several days.[5] It is unclear if the steel plant was fined for this breach.
In 2020, the Environmental Law and Policy Center found that Burns Harbor had violated its Clean Water Act permit over a hundred times in the past four years and filed a lean Water Act enforcement lawsuit against the facility.[6]
In December 2020, state inspectors discovered that the plant had violated several environmental regulations by inaccurately self-monitoring their data, including storing their effluent samples at non-definitive temperatures that could change sample testing results.[3]
Worker Safety
In July 2020, an explosion damaged one of the blast furnaces at Cleveland-Cliffs Burns Harbor steel plant (formerly ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor), and sent molten material out of the plant building, before setting it ablaze.[7] No employees were killed or injured in the explosion.[7] A video posted to social media showed that "the explosion at Blast Furnace D showered the mill with the shrapnel of large chunks of burning hot white refractory, the interior lining that protects the blast furnace shell from the super-heated temperatures within during the steelmaking process, suggesting that significant damage occurred."[8]
In November 2021 there was another explosion at the slag pit of the plant. Nobody was injured. [9]
Plant Details
Table 1: General Plant Details
| Plant status | Start date | Workforce size |
|---|---|---|
| Operating[10] | 1964[11] | 4119[10] |
Table 2: Ownership and Parent Company Information
| Parent company | Parent company PermID | Parent company GEM ID | Owner | Owner company PermID | Owner company GEM ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cleveland-Cliffs Inc [100%] | 4295903753 [100%] | E100001010595 [10%]; E100001000348 [9.6%] | Cleveland-Cliffs Inc[10] | 4295903753 | E100001000649 |
Table 3: Process and Products
| Steel product category | Steel products | Steel sector end users | ISO 14001 | Main production equipment | Detailed production equipment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| finished rolled[10] | hot-rolled sheet, cold-rolled sheet, hot-dipped galvanized sheet[10] | automotive; building and infrastructure; energy; steel packaging; tools and machinery; transport[10] | 2022[12] | BF, BOF[10] | 2 coking plants (began in 1983 and 1994, 82 ovens each, 39.11m3 each); sinter plant; 3 BOF (began in 1969)[13][14] |
Table 4: Crude Steel Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)
| Capacity operating status* | Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking capacity | Nominal crude steel capacity (total) |
|---|---|---|
| operating | 5000 TTPA[10][10][10] | 5000 TTPA[10][10][10] |
Table 5: Crude Iron Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)
| Capacity operating status* | Blast furnace capacity | Nominal iron capacity (total) |
|---|---|---|
| operating | 4960 TTPA[15][15] | 4960 TTPA[15][15] |
Table 6: Upstream Products Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)
| Sinter | Coke |
|---|---|
| 2800 TTPA[16] | 1877 TTPA[10][17] |
Table 7: Actual Crude Steel Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)
| Year | BOF Production | Total (all routes) |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 3600 TTPA[18] | 3600 TTPA |
| 2021 | 3364 TTPA[19] | 3364 TTPA |
| 2022 | 3626 TTPA[20] | 3626 TTPA |
Table 8: Actual Crude Iron Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)
| Year | BF Production | Total (all routes) |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 3584 TTPA[14] | 3584 TTPA |
| 2021 | 3636 TTPA[14] | 3636 TTPA |
| 2022 | 3300 TTPA[14] | 3300 TTPA |
Blast Furnace Details
Table 9: Blast Furnace Details
| Unit name | Status | Announced date | Construction date | Start date | Current size | Current capacity (ttpa) | Decarbonization technology | Most recent relining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | operating[21] | unknown | unknown | 1972[22] | 2645 m³[10][14][14][14] | 2480[15] | In 2020 funded design for a system to capture 50 to 70% of the CO2 emissions. Recently completed its first phase of research in carbon capture at the plan and is requesting more government funding to support further advancements. [23][24] | 2007-05[25] |
| D | operating[21] | unknown | unknown | 1969[22] | 2600 m³[10][14][14][14] | 2480[15] | In 2020 funded design for a system to capture 50 to 70% of the CO2 emissions. Recently completed its first phase of research in carbon capture at the plan and is requesting more government funding to support further advancements. [23][24] | 2008[26][27] |
Articles and Resources
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of steel power plants, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Steel Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
References
- ↑ IHB (2020-12-16). "Legacy of Steel / Burns Harbor Steel Plant". IHB. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ↑ "The Center for Land Use Interpretation". clui.org. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Violations Continued at Burns Harbor Steel Mill During Last Days of ArcelorMittal Ownership". Indiana Environmental Reporter. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hawthorne, Michael (2018-08-01). "Indiana steel mill emits 18,000 pounds of lead a year. Is it blowing toward Chicago?". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ US EPA, REG 05 (2019-10-31). "Cleveland Cliffs LLC, Burns Harbor (formerly ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor), Portage, Indiana". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ↑ "Suing Lake Michigan Polluter in Burns Harbor". Environmental Law & Policy Center. 2020-04-06. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Blast at ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor idles furnace, Rye Druzin, Argus Media, Jul. 16, 2020, Retrieved on: Aug. 6, 2020
- ↑ Explosion hits ArcelorMittal's Burns Harbor plant; official says stove dome failure to blame, Lauren Cross and Joseph S. Pete, Jul. 16, 2020, Updated Aug. 5, 2020, Retrieved on: Aug. 6, 2020
- ↑ "Explosion at Steel Plant Slag Pit, Cleveland-Cliffs, Burns Harbor, Indiana". Cardinal News. 2021-11-30. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 https://web.archive.org/web/20211201011843/https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/operations/steelmaking/burns-harbor. Archived from the original on 01 December 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archive-date=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220702075527/https://www.in.gov/history/state-historical-markers/find-a-marker/find-historical-markers-by-county/indiana-historical-markers-by-county/legacy-of-steel-burns-harbor-steel-plant/. Archived from the original on 02 July 2022.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archive-date=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220206003320/https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/sustainability/environment/certifications. Archived from the original on 06 February 2022.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archive-date=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/operations/steelmaking/burns-harborAIST_COKE_2022AIST_BF_2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 "2022 AIST Basic Oxygen Furnace Roundup". Association for Iron & Steel Technology. April 2022.
{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires|magazine=(help) - ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 https://www.argusmedia.com/zh/news/2123892-blast-at-arcelormittal-burns-harbor-idles-furnace?amp=1.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220129213612/https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_3bdd359b62bd1ceda7299186db0c5b1b/clevelandcliffs/db/1188/10347/file/CLF_2020_AnnualReport.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20221130215256/https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-12/documents/ironsteel.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220129220418/https://corporate-media.arcelormittal.com/media/kl3iewkk/fact-book-2020.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ (PDF) https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_ec8d6dfae8d64afee055b64f5ad2abef/clevelandcliffs/db/1188/11225/file/CLF_2021_AnnualReport.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240229041812/https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_3b13d73bc2bef8e3abc4d6196a66e857/clevelandcliffs/db/1188/11492/file/CLF_AnnualReport_2022_04032023.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2024.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 21.0 21.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20230627153540/http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/business/cleveland-cliffs-to-reline-blast-furnace-in-2025/article_25131a98-ffdf-11ed-8393-7f5bd7ca2248.html. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 22.0 22.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220812091251/https://www.viktormacha.com/galerie/arcelormittal-burns-harbor-indiana-297/. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 23.0 23.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220512080415/https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/sustainability/environment/energy. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 24.0 24.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20221213113932/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221207005491/en/Cleveland-Cliffs-Submits-Application-for-Front-End-Engineering-Design-for-Large-Scale-Carbon-Capture. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://12ft.io/proxy?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwitimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Flocal%2Frepairs-at-mittal-furnace-begin%2Farticle_eafe83c7-a088-563b-a90f-21e70451d066.html.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194329/https://www.graycor.com/projects/d-blast-furnace-reline. Archived from the original on 07 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archive-date=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240322055322/https://www.nwitimes.com/business/local/troubled-blast-furnace-to-be-relined/article_b70d2305-2995-5b29-978e-2b745374510c.html. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)
