Argentina LNG Terminal

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Argentina LNG Terminal, also known as the Golfo San Matías FLNG Terminal or by its Spanish name Argentina GNL, is a proposed FLNG export terminal in the Gulf of San Matías, Argentina.

Location

The proposed terminal would be located in the Gulf of San Matías, Argentina.

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Project details

Phase 1a

  • Operator: Southern Energy SA[1][2][3][4][5]
  • Owner: Southern Energy SA[1][2][3][4][5]
  • Parent company: Pan American Energy SA [30%], YPF SA [25%], Pampa Energía [20%], Harbour Energy [15%], Golar LNG [10%][6]
  • Vessel Name: Golar Hilli Episeyo FLNG[2][3][4][5][7]
  • Location: 35km south of Las Grutas, Río Negro province[5]
  • Coordinates: -41.097482, -65.14845 (approximate)[5]
  • Capacity: 2.45 mtpa[1][2][3][4][7]
  • Status: Proposed
  • Type: Export[1]
  • Start year: 2027[1][2][4][5][8][9]
  • Cost: USD 6.878 billion (Phases 1a and 1b combined)[10][11]
  • Financing:
  • FID status: FID (2025)[4][8]
  • Associated infrastructure:

Phase 1b

  • Operator: Southern Energy SA[1][2][3][4][5]
  • Owner: Southern Energy SA[1][2][3][4][5]
  • Parent company: Pan American Energy SA [30%], YPF SA [25%], Pampa Energía [20%], Harbour Energy [15%], Golar LNG [10%][6]
  • Vessel Name: Golar MK II FLNG[12][13][14]
  • Location: 35km south of Las Grutas, Río Negro province[5]
  • Coordinates: -41.097482, -65.14845 (approximate)[5]
  • Capacity: 3.5 mtpa[8][9]
  • Status: Proposed
  • Type: Export[1]
  • Start year: 2028[8][9]
  • Cost: USD 6.878 billion (Phases 1a and 1b combined)[10][11]
  • Financing:
  • FID status: FID (2025)[9][14]
  • Associated infrastructure:

Phase 2

  • Operator: YPF SA, Shell PLC[15][16]
  • Owner: YPF SA, Shell PLC[15][16]
  • Parent company: YPF SA, Shell PLC[15][16]
  • Location: Port of Punta Colorada, Sierra Grande, Río Negro, Argentina[17][18]
  • Coordinates: -41.696000, -65.018265 (approximate)[19]
  • Capacity: 10 mtpa[15][16]
  • Status: Proposed
  • Type: Export
  • Start year: 2028[20]
  • Cost: 10 billion[21] to 30 billion[22][23] USD
  • Financing:
  • FID Status: pre-FID (2025)[17]
  • Associated infrastructure: Argentina GNL Gas Pipeline

Phase 3

  • Operator: YPF SA, Eni SpA[24][25]
  • Owner: YPF SA, Eni SpA[24][25]
  • Parent company: YPF SA, Eni SpA[24][25]
  • Location: Port of Punta Colorada, Sierra Grande, Río Negro, Argentina[18]
  • Coordinates: -41.696000, -65.018265 (approximate)[19]
  • Capacity: 12 mtpa[24][25][26]
  • Status: Proposed
  • Type: Export
  • Start year: 2028 or 2029[27]
  • Cost: 10 billion[21] to 30 billion[22][23] USD
  • Financing:
  • FID Status: pre-FID (2025)[25]
  • Associated infrastructure: Argentina GNL Gas Pipeline

Background

YPF's early development of the project with Petronas

In July 2019 YPF awarded a front-end engineering design (Pre-FEED) contract to McDermott International for the construction of a 5-mtpa LNG Terminal for exporting natural gas from Vaca Muerta.[28] The viability of the terminal was to be dependent on construction of the proposed Vaca Muerta pipeline system, which was scuttled by Argentina's new government in 2020. The exact location of the YPF terminal was not yet specified.[29]

As of May 2022, the Argentine government was again reportedly contemplating construction of a land-based LNG liquefaction and export terminal in Bahía Blanca, with a capacity of 15 to 20 million cubic meters per day, to be supplied with gas from Vaca Muerta via the proposed Nestor Kirchner Gas Pipeline. In response to rising natural gas prices and diminishing global supplies provoked by the Russian-Ukraine conflict, Argentina's Economy Minister Martín Guzmán reportedly discussed the new terminal, estimated to require an investment of US $10 billion, at the International Energy Agency's March 2022 meeting in Paris and at the IMF and World Bank's April 2022 gathering in Washington, DC.[30]

In September 2022, Petronas and YPF signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to jointly develop the terminal.[31][32][33][34] Initial investment required to develop the terminal was estimated at $10 billion, with estimated production to start at 5 million tonnes during the first year of operation and eventually climb as high as 25 million tonnes per annum.[31][33] While no start date was specified for the project, YPF and Petronas estimated that it would take a decade to fully develop.[31] LNG European customers affected by the cutoff of Russian fossil gas supplies continued to be seen as the key market for gas shipped from the terminal.[31]

In March 2023, YPF and Petronas announced that they had signed a tentative land lease deal for the proposed terminal with the port of Bahía Blanca. A decision on whether to proceed with a long-term concession agreement was to be contingent on technical, economic, maritime, soil, and environmental evaluations to be carried out by the two companies over the following six months.[35] Plans called for the LNG export terminal to be developed in conjunction with other supporting infrastructure and services, including upstream gas production, dedicated pipelines, and marketing and shipping services.[35] The port of Bahia Blanca estimated that total investment in the project could rise as high as $50 billion.[35]

Following the November 2023 election of libertarian economist Javier Milei as Argentina's new president, the terminal's near-term prospects appeared jeopardized by Milei's opposition to state subsidies.[36] As of May 2024, YPF's president and CEO Horacio Marín was lobbying for Senate approval of the RIGI (Régimen de Incentivos para las Grandes Inversiones), a government incentive program deemed indispensable for a massive infrastructure investment such as Argentina LNG.[37] The RIGI was approved in late June 2024, creating a new legal framework designed to attract multi-million dollar domestic and international investment in Argentine energy projects.[38]

In August 2024, Petronas and YPF announced that they had decided to locate the new gas liquefaction plant at the Port of Punta Colorada[18] near Sierra Grande (Río Negro province) rather than Bahía Blanca; the cost to develop the Sierra Grande terminal was estimated at US$30 billion.[22][23] Reports indicated that the reconfigured project might incorporate FLNGs (floating liquefied natural gas facilities).[39] A final investment decision on the terminal was expected in the second half of 2025[40][41], with export volume expected to reach between 25 and 30 mtpa by 2032.[40]

The Río Negro terminal announced by YPF and Petronas was to developed in three phases. Phase 1, proposed to come online in 2027, was to revolve around Petronas’s existing 1.2 mtpa Satu FLNG. A second phase scheduled for 2029 commissioning was to involve the contracting of two new vessels with a total capacity of 8 to 9 mtpa. The third and final phase, with an estimated capacity of 15 to 20 mtpa, was to be based onshore, with a start-up date between 2030 and 2032.[42] Gas for the project would be supplied via the proposed Argentina GNL Gas Pipeline.

Petronas leaves the project, YPF confirms new partnerships with Southern Energy, Shell & Eni

In December 2024, YPF confirmed that Petronas had exited the Argentina LNG export project, with Shell taking its place.[17][43] In the ensuing months, YPF confirmed new agreements with Southern Energy SA and Eni SpA to develop two additional phases of the project. In April 2025, YPF indicated that it had abandoned plans for an onshore terminal, in favor of a three-phase offshore project comprising six FLNG units (two FLNGs per phase).[27] Various sources have identified the project's three phases as follows:

  • Phase 1 (5.95 mtpa) to be developed by YPF, Golar, Pan American Energy and others[8][9][20][27]
  • Phase 2 (10 mtpa) to be developed by YPF and Shell[17][20][27]
  • Phase 3 (12 mtpa) to be developed by YPF and Eni[8][9][20][27]

Phase 1 (Southern Energy SA)

In July 2024, Southern Energy SA — then a joint venture of Golar LNG and Pan American Energy — signed a 20-year agreement to develop an FLNG export terminal in Argentina utilizing Golar's Hilli FLNG, with a capacity of 2.45 mtpa and a 2027 start-up date.[44] Exact location and other details of the project remained unspecified.

In late November and early December 2024, further details of the project were confirmed. The project's location was identified to be approximately 35km south of the coastal community of Las Grutas in Río Negro province.[45] Three additional companies — Pampa Energía, Harbour Energy and YPF — announced that they had acquired ownership stakes in the venture and would join forces with Pan American Energy and Golar to develop the project.[46][47][48] A final investment decision was expected in the first quarter of 2025.[48]

The Southern Energy project took an FID (final investment decision) in May 2025, confirming a 20-year charter and deployment deal for the 2.45 mtpa Hilli Episeyo FLNG, owned by Golar.[49][12][13] The Hilli Episeyo was expected to become operational in late 2027.[12]

In addition to the first charter agreement, Golar and Southern Energy signed an agreement to charter a second FLNG, Golar's 3.5 mtpa MK II, which was under conversion at a shipyard in China in preparation to begin operating in Argentina in 2028.[12][13] In August 2025 Golar announced a final investment decision to deploy the MK II FLNG at the Argentina LNG Terminal.[14] Both FLNGs were expected to operate close to each other, in the Gulf of San Matías.[12] Together, both FLNGs would be able to provide a processing and export capacity of nearly 6 mtpa.[12]

Southern Energy's initial plans include building a pipeline from TGS's San Antonio Oeste compressor station, which connects to the San Martin Pipeline, to the FLNG.[50] This new pipeline would include both onshore and offshore segments.[50] In this way, Southern Energy plans to initially have the Hilli FLNG receive spare gas volumes from the existing pipeline network that carries gas from the Vaca Muerta oil and gas complex.[12] In the future, however, the consortium plans to construct a pipeline from Vaca Muerta to the Gulf of San Matías to supply both vessels with gas from the complex.[12][13]

Phase 2 (Shell / YPF)

In December 2024, YPF and Shell signed a Project Development Agreement for a new phase of the Argentina LNG terminal with a liquefaction capacity of 10 million tons per year.[17] YPF's President and CEO Horacio Marín, and Shell's Executive VP of LNG, Cederic Cremers, announced that the two companies had begun working together to develop the project, in anticipation of reaching a decision to enter the FEED (Front-End Engineering and Design) stage.[17] The Buenos Aires Herald reported that YPF would hold a 30% to 35% stake in Phase 2, with commercial operation expected in 2029 or 2030.[27]

Phase 3 (Eni / YPF)

In April 2025, YPF signed a memorandum of understanding with the Italian company Eni SpA to study development of a new phase of the Argentina LNG project. Eni announced that the proposed Phase 3 would comprise two Floating LNG units of 6 mtpa each, for a total capacity of 12 mtpa.[26] In June 2025, YPF and Eni confirmed that they had signed a new agreement to define the required steps to reach a final investment decision on Phase 3.[24][25] YPF's President and CEO Horacio Marín expressed confidence that an FID could be reached by the end of 2025.[25] The Buenos Aires Herald reported that YPF would hold a 25% stake in Phase 3, with commercial operation expected in 2028 or 2029.[27]

Proposed markets for LNG

YPF's website highlights multiple proposed shipping routes for LNG shipped from the Argentina LNG Terminal; key potential customers include Brazil, India, China, Korea, Japan and Europe.[51] In June 2025, Argentina's president Javier Milei signed a gas supply contract with the Italian oil company ENI SpA, and his government was reportedly seeking deals with other European countries including France and Germany.[52]

Location of the project

All sources agree that the project will be located on the Gulf of San Matías in Río Negro province. However, the locations noted for the various phases differ slightly. The Environmental Impact Statement for the project's first phase places it 35 km south of Las Grutas.[53][54] Other sources have reported that the terminal would be located near the port of Punta Colorada on Argentina's Atlantic coast, near the community of Sierra Grande, Río Negro province.[17][18]

Environmental and social impacts

In addition to housing the Argentina LNG terminal and gas pipeline, the Gulf of San Matías has also been designated as the eastern terminus of the recently proposed Vaca Muerta Sur Oil Pipeline and its huge associated oil export terminal. The judicial, legislative, and executive branches of Río Negro province have played a key role in making these projects viable by removing legislation that recognized Golfo San Matías as a protected natural area. In August 2022, Law 3308, which prohibited the construction of oil ports along the gulf[55], was swiftly repealed behind closed doors.[56]

Argentine environmental groups have stressed that the convergence of so many major oil and gas projects on the Gulf of San Matías implies the expansion of hydrocarbon infrastructure to new regions, affecting the livelihoods of local people and impacting a vast diversity of flora and fauna.[57] There is concern that these projects could harm Península Valdés, a habitat for protected species such as southern right whales, orcas, South American sea lions, southern elephant seals, dusky dolphins, and Magellanic penguins, among others, impacting both wildlife and tourism in the region.[58][59]

Opposition

Leading Argentine NGOs such as Observatorio Petrolero Sur, FARN (Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales) and Greenpeace Argentina have spoken out forcefully against the new oil and gas projects proposed along the Río Negro coast, organizing protests and promoting political and legal action to challenge new hydrocarbons development in the region.[60][61][62][63]

Phase 1 of the terminal (Southern Energy's LNG export project) has faced opposition from several environmental and social organizations.[64][65][66] For example, Revista Critica published an article where it highlights the social and environmental consequences of the proposed terminal in the San Matías Gulf and the Valdés Peninsula.[64] In the article, they state that there was no due process to consult the population in the area before modifying the law that would allow the construction of pipelines and terminals in the San Matías Gulf.[64] The article also points out that the gulf is an important area for marine life, including the southern right whale (ballena franca austral in Spanish), since many marine species feed and reproduce there.[64] The article concludes that the construction of an LNG terminal would negatively affect marine biodiversity and the local communities who depend on tourism and fishing, and would have wide-ranging negative economic impacts on the area.[64]

A similar statement published by the Foro para la Conservación del Mar Patagónico y Áreas de Influencia (Forum for the Conservation of the Patagonian Sea and Areas of Influence) stresses the negative consequences that Southern Energy's project would have on the rich marine biodiversity of the Gulf.[65] The authors name, among others, consequences like possible hydrocarbon spills, acoustic changes in the area because of increased marine traffic, and increased risk of underwater collisions with marine animals.[65] Like Revista Critica's article, the Forum highlights that the Gulf of San Matías is an especially important area for the reproduction and socialization of the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis).[65]

The Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas (the Institute of Whale Conservation), has also raised concerns regarding the construction of Southern Energy's LNG terminal in the San Matías Gulf.[66] Like other organizations, the institute also emphasizes that the Gulf is one of the main breeding and reproduction areas of the southern right whale in the world, and they list several natural reserves that are located around the project's area, including Punta Bermeja, Caleta de los Loros, and Bahía de San Antonio.[66] These reserves protect migratory bird habitats, marine mammals, and endemic species.[66] Additionally, the Institute stresses that the area was once protected from hydrocarbon contamination by a law that was recently eliminated and replaced to allow the export of hydrocarbons in the Gulf.[66]

Articles and resources

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Golar LNG signs agreement for 20-year FLNG deployment in Argentina". Golar LNG. 2024-07-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Participation in the FLNG Project for GNL export". Pampa Energia. 2024-11-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Harbour Energy signs participation agreement". Harbour Energy. 2024-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 "Local player joins FLNG project seeking to make Argentina an LNG exporter". Offshore Energy. 2024-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 "Las Grutas bajo presión: el GNL busca avanzar en las costas rionegrinas". Observatorio Petrolero Sur. 2024-12-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Southern Energy achieves FID for FLNG charter". LNG Industry. 2025-08-07.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Seatrium Wins Golar Contract to Upgrade FLNG Hilli for Argentina Redeployment". Pipeline & Gas Journal. 2025-08-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 "1T25 Resultados Consolidados (p 3)" (PDF). YPF. 2025-05-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 "2T25 Resultados Consolidados (p 3)" (PDF). YPF. 2025-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Ya es oficial: El Gobierno Nacional aprobó el megaproyecto de GNL en Río Negro bajo el régimen RIGI". Energía 360. 2025-05-06.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Resolución 559/2025". Boletín Oficial República Argentina - Ministerio de Economía. 2025-04-29.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 "Argentine consortium, Golar sign charter agreements for two FLNG vessels | Offshore". www.offshore-mag.com. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Exportación de GNL: Southern Energy da pasos claves en el Golfo San Matías para el 2027". mase.lmneuquen.com. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Final Investment Decision for 20-year charter of MK II FLNG to Southern Energy in Argentina". Golar LNG. 2025-08-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "YPF advances Argentina LNG, pipeline projects". Oil & Gas Journal. 2024-12-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 "2025 GIIGNL Annual Report" (PDF). GIIGNL. 2025-05-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 "YPF and Shell sign a Project Development Agreement (PDA) for the first phase of the Argentina LNG Project" (PDF). YPF. 2024-12-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Penelli, Sebastián D. (2024-07-31). "Río Negro prevails over Buenos Aires for construction of new LNG plant". Buenos Aires Herald.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Puerto público · Punta Colorada, Río Negro, Argentina". Google Maps. Retrieved 2024-09-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 "Eni, YPF seal Argentina LNG deal". GIIGNL. 2025-07-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "YPF seeks location for its LNG Terminal". Energy News. June 2, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "YPF y la salida del GNL: "la locación más ventajosa es Sierra Grande, en Río Negro"". Mejor Energía. 2024-07-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "Petronas, YPF select Rio Negro for $30bn LNG project". Gasworld. 2024-08-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 "Eni and YPF sign agreement for participation at the Argentina LNG project". Eni. 2025-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 "YPF y Eni dan nuevo paso en el desarrollo del proyecto Argentina LNG". YPF. 2025-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Eni and YPF sign a Memorandum of Understanding for the joint evaluation of a phase of the Argentina LNG project". Eni. 2025-04-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 Iglesia, Facundo (2025-04-25). "YPF to build six LNG boats in Río Negro instead of onshore plant". Buenos Aires Herald.
  28. ↑ YPF awards McDermott pre-FEED contract for Vaca Muerta LNG in Argentina, World Oil, Jul. 19, 2019
  29. ↑ Christopher Lenton, Argentina’s Vaca Muerta, LNG Ambitions Face Uncertainty as New Government Settles In, Natural Gas Intelligence, Feb. 28, 2020
  30. ↑ "El puerto de Bahía Blanca vuelve a escena para la exportación de GNL". ArgenPorts. May 7, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 "Argentina, Petronas ink deal for major LNG plant, gas pipeline". Reuters. September 1, 2022.
  32. ↑ "Petronas, YPF to develop Argentina LNG project". Oil & Gas Journal. September 2, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Petronas and YPF to work on large LNG export plant in Argentina". LNG Prime. September 2, 2022.
  34. ↑ "BNamericas - Inversión de argentina YPF superará los US$5.000mn este año". BNamericas. January 31, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "Petronas and YPF ink land deal for large LNG export project in Argentina". LNG Prime. March 1, 2023.
  36. ↑ Kathrine Schmidt, Far-Right Milei Wins Argentina Presidency in Landslide, Energy Intelligence, Nov. 20, 2023
  37. ↑ "Horacio Marín: "Sin el RIGI no hay construcción de la planta de LNG en la Argentina"". EconoJournal. 2024-05-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ↑ Iglesia, Facundo (2024-06-28). "RIGI: understanding Argentina's new large investment regime". Buenos Aires Herald.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ↑ "Petronas plans FLNG project in Suriname". LNG Prime. 2024-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "YPF, Petronas Target FID for Argentine LNG Facility in Late 2025". Hart Energy. 2024-08-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ↑ "GECF Annual Gas Market Report 2024 (p 108)" (PDF). GECF (Gas Exporting Countries Forum). 2024-04-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  42. ↑ "Los detalles de la mega inversión de GNL que YPF y Petronas llevarán a Río Negro". Más Energía. 2024-07-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ↑ Penelli, Sebastián D. (2024-12-20). "Shell to replace Petronas as YPF partner in Río Negro LNG plant - Buenos Aires Herald". Buenos Aires Herald.
  44. ↑ "Golar LNG signs agreement for 20-year FLNG deployment in Argentina". Golar LNG. 2024-07-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ↑ "Las Grutas bajo presión: el GNL busca avanzar en las costas rionegrinas". Observatorio Petrolero Sur. 2024-12-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ↑ "Participation in the FLNG Project for GNL export". Pampa Energia. 2024-11-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  47. ↑ "Harbour Energy signs participation agreement". Harbour Energy. 2024-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "Local player joins FLNG project seeking to make Argentina an LNG exporter". Offshore Energy. 2024-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  49. ↑ "Riviera - News Content Hub - One FID down for Golar's FLNG project in Argentina, one in the works". www.rivieramm.com. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 "Cuerpo Madre : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive". Internet Archive. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  51. ↑ "Argentina LNG". YPF. Retrieved 2025-09-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  52. ↑ "Argentina's transition to an export-based economy • La transición de Argentina a una economía exportadora". DW (Deutsche Welle). 2025-07-15. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 52 (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  53. ↑ "Las Grutas bajo presión: el GNL busca avanzar en las costas rionegrinas". Observatorio Petrolero Sur. 2024-12-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  54. ↑ "Cuerpo Madre : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive". Internet Archive. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  55. ↑ "Ley Nº 3308". Legislatura de Río Negro. 1999-08-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  56. ↑ "A puertas cerradas modificaron una ley que protegía el golfo San Matías en Río Negro". ANRed. 2022/08/26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  57. ↑ "Puertos petroleros en Bahía Blanca y el Golfo San Matías: ¿Cómo esperar algo diferente?". Observatorio Petrolero Sur. 2024-03-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ↑ "Organizaciones argentinas del Foro para la Conservación del Mar Patagónico se oponen al proyecto de la terminal petrolera en el Golfo San Matías" (PDF). Foro para la Conservación del Mar Patagónico. 2023-08-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  59. ↑ "Un colectivo de entidades ambientales, sociales, culturales y empresariales solicitan ante la Justicia que Chubut actúe para detener el avance de un puerto petrolero en el Golfo San Matías". Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas. 2024-01-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  60. ↑ "Ambientalistas de Argentina protestarán contra la construcción de un puerto petrolero". infobae. 2024-07-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  61. ↑ "¡Urgente! Quieren modificar la ley que evita la contaminación en el Golfo San Matías de Río Negro para convertirlo en zona de sacrificio petrolero". Fundación Greenpeace Argentina. 2022-09-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  62. ↑ "Golfo San Matías: organizaciones logran que se suspenda la Audiencia Pública por el oleoducto". Observatorio Petrolero Sur. 2023-03-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  63. ↑ "Vaca Muerta Sur: tensión y sólo voces a favor en una cuestionada audiencia pública". Observatorio Petrolero Sur. 2023-08-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 64.4 "Oleoducto en el Golfo San Matías: 'Si contamina, no es progreso'". revistacitrica.com. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 Foro para la Conservación del Mar Patagónico. "Organizaciones argentinas del Foro para la Conservación del Mar Patagónico se oponen al proyecto de la terminal petrolera en el Golfo San Matías" (PDF). marpatagonico.org.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.4 "Preocupación por los Impactos del Proyecto de un Buque Licuefactor en el Golfo San Matías – Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas". ballenas.org.ar. Retrieved 2025-06-06.

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