Crude Awakening 2022: Data sources
The data is gathered from GEM's Global Oil Infrastructure Tracker (GOIT), specifically the June 2022 version with minor updates to make it current as of September 2022.
The June 2022 GOIT dataset is available for download here under a creative commons license. If you would like the exact version of the dataset used in this report, please reach out to us by going through the data request process and replying to the automated email you receive to request it.
GOIT tracks both oil and natural gas liquids (NGL) pipelines, though only oil pipelines are used
Crude Awakening 2022: methodology
Data collection is done via secondary research by GEM staff; the GOIT methodology page describes the process a bit more. The GOIT FAQ also provides information about the dataset. See an archived version from September 2022 at the time of the report's release.
Pipeline length calculations
Throughout the report, pipeline kilometers (km) are presented within countries and regions. These length calculations are done as follows:
- When the actual length of a pipeline is found in research, this is recorded and prioritized as the length used in calculations/analysis.
- When a pipeline's length is not available, we estimate it by calculating the length of the line of coordinates on the globe using Python GIS packages.
- Pipeline routes are added to the GEM database by either (1) tracing them directly from a map, when found in research, or (2) approximating the route as a low-resolution (typically straight or near-straight) line, with appropriate start and end points.
- Given limited resources and route map availability, route maps vary in their accuracy. Route mapping priority is given to projects that are in development (Proposed, Construction) and over 100 km in length.
- If a pipeline crosses a national boundary, we are typically not able to find the pipeline km within each country. To estimate within-country pipeline km, we therefore use the route map in our database to estimate the pipeline's fraction within a given country, and multiply this by either the known length (prioritized when available) or the estimated length.
- For offshore routes, country and sovereignty boundaries were determined using exclusive economic zones (EEZs) from Marine Regions.
Capital expenditure (capex) calculations
Regional average pipeline costs (USD per unit km) are calculated using projects that provide these data in the GOIT database. The table below details the regional mean costs that are used to extrapolate missing costs for regional pipeline km.
Average regional costs to build crude oil transmission pipelines, broken down by regions used in the report.
| Region
|
Mean cost (million USD per km)
|
Number of projects with cost data
|
| Sub-Saharan Africa
|
2.95
|
4
|
| North America
|
2.84
|
26
|
| East Asia
|
1.87
|
5
|
| Eurasia
|
1.85
|
6
|
| South Asia
|
1.71
|
5
|
| Latin America and the Caribbean
|
1.54
|
5
|
| Middle East and North Africa
|
1.47
|
14
|
| Australia and New Zealand
|
1.21
|
6
|
| Europe
|
1.08
|
5
|
| SE Asia
|
0.94
|
6
|
Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Tables
Table 1
| Region
|
Proposed (km)
|
Construction (km)
|
Proposed+Construction (km)
|
| Sub-Saharan Africa
|
4,540
|
1,950
|
6,490
|
| North America
|
2,693
|
1,381
|
4,074
|
| Middle East and North Africa
|
1,805
|
1,903
|
3,708
|
| South Asia
|
1,194
|
2,316
|
3,510
|
| East Asia
|
1,047
|
1,486
|
2,533
|
| Eurasia
|
1,494
|
768
|
2,262
|
| Europe
|
800
|
207
|
1,007
|
| SE Asia
|
240
|
342
|
582
|
| Australia and New Zealand
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Latin America and the Caribbean
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Total
|
13,813
|
10,353
|
24,166
|
Table 2
| Region
|
Proposed (USD billion)
|
Construction (USD billion)
|
Proposed+Construction (USD billion)
|
| North America
|
7.5
|
18.1
|
25.6
|
| Sub-Saharan Africa
|
10.0
|
7.0
|
17.0
|
| Middle East and North Africa
|
9.1
|
2.1
|
11.2
|
| Europe
|
7.1
|
0.1
|
7.2
|
| South Asia
|
1.2
|
4.6
|
5.8
|
| East Asia
|
1.8
|
2.4
|
4.2
|
| Eurasia
|
2.8
|
1.3
|
4.0
|
| SE Asia
|
0.0
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
| Australia and New Zealand
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
| Latin America and the Caribbean
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
| Total
|
39.5
|
36.0
|
75.4
|
Table 3
| Parent
|
Headquarters country
|
Length in development (km)
|
Capacity in development (bpd)
|
Potential emissions (million metric tonnes CO2 per year)
|
| China National Petroleum Corporation
|
China
|
1,950
|
90,000
|
14
|
| Iraq Ministry of Oil
|
Iraq
|
1,677
|
2,500,000
|
382
|
| Numaligarh Refinery Limited
|
India
|
1,630
|
|
|
| TotalEnergies SE
|
France
|
1,288
|
441,000
|
67
|
| Indian Oil Corporation
|
India
|
1,194
|
430,068
|
66
|
| Iran Ministry of Petroleum
|
Iran
|
1,193
|
750,000
|
115
|
| Rosneft
|
Russia
|
1,190
|
319,479
|
49
|
| Government of Zambia
|
Zambia
|
1,141
|
22,000
|
3
|
| Canada Development Investment Corporation
|
Canada
|
980
|
290,000
|
44
|
| True Companies
|
United States
|
784
|
950,000
|
145
|
| Transneft
|
Russia
|
755
|
617,547
|
94
|
| ConocoPhillips
|
United States
|
701
|
350,000
|
53
|
| Petrobangla
|
Bangladesh
|
686
|
60,000
|
9
|
| Tullow Oil
|
United Kingdom
|
601
|
225,000
|
34
|
| Power Solution Technologies Plc
|
Thailand
|
570
|
93,838
|
14
|
| Government of Tanzania
|
Tanzania
|
569
|
22,000
|
3
|
| Blackstone Group
|
United States
|
563
|
800,000
|
122
|
| Sultanate of Oman
|
Oman
|
440
|
700,000
|
107
|
| Sarmatia
|
Unknown
|
398
|
245,753
|
38
|
| Africa Oil
|
Canada
|
392
|
225,000
|
34
|
Table A1
| Country
|
Proposed
|
Construction
|
Proposed+Construction
|
Shelved
|
Cancelled
|
Operating
|
Idle
|
Mothballed
|
Retired
|
| United States
|
2693
|
137
|
2829
|
1902
|
24221
|
98015
|
0
|
0
|
1432
|
| India
|
1194
|
1630
|
2824
|
0
|
1338
|
8859
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| China
|
1047
|
1486
|
2533
|
0
|
8477
|
25271
|
0
|
0
|
6826
|
| Russia
|
1494
|
557
|
2051
|
0
|
542
|
40092
|
0
|
52
|
618
|
| Tanzania
|
1932
|
0
|
1932
|
0
|
0
|
877
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Canada
|
0
|
1244
|
1244
|
6409
|
6631
|
25332
|
0
|
0
|
1266
|
| Iran
|
0
|
1193
|
1193
|
0
|
1530
|
3222
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Niger
|
0
|
1192
|
1192
|
0
|
83
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Kenya
|
1109
|
0
|
1109
|
0
|
1012
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Iraq
|
1047
|
0
|
1047
|
0
|
907
|
3364
|
0
|
585
|
0
|
| Zambia
|
929
|
0
|
929
|
0
|
0
|
833
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Bangladesh
|
0
|
686
|
686
|
249
|
0
|
186
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Benin
|
0
|
650
|
650
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Jordan
|
618
|
0
|
618
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
153
|
| Thailand
|
215
|
342
|
557
|
0
|
0
|
990
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Poland
|
530
|
0
|
530
|
0
|
1269
|
865
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Oman
|
0
|
440
|
440
|
0
|
0
|
961
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Egypt
|
140
|
170
|
310
|
0
|
310
|
940
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| Uganda
|
294
|
0
|
294
|
0
|
488
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| South Sudan
|
276
|
0
|
276
|
0
|
0
|
122
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Table A2
Table A3
Table A4
| Region
|
% of projects with reported capacity
|
| Latin America and the Caribbean
|
93.8%
|
| Australia and New Zealand
|
82.1%
|
| North America
|
75.2%
|
| South Asia
|
72.5%
|
| Eurasia
|
66.7%
|
| East Asia
|
57.5%
|
| Europe
|
54.9%
|
| Middle East and North Africa
|
44.4%
|
| SE Asia
|
40.7%
|
| Sub-Saharan Africa
|
30.0%
|
