Gwadar power station

From Global Energy Monitor
This article is part of the CoalSwarm coverage of Pakistan and coal.
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Gwadar power station is a proposed 300-megawatt (MW) coal-fired power plant in Balochistan province, Pakistan.

The project is related to the Gwadar Port.

Location

The map below shows the presumed location of the proposed Gwadar power station in Gwadar district, Balochistan province. Planet imagery showed development at the location between the 2018 announcement of upcoming development and 2022.

The plant was proposed for Mouza Darbella Janubi near Sur Bundar, Tehsil.[1]

Loading map...

Background

According to a December 2014 overview of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Pakistan Today, "Gwadar Coal Power Project 300 megawatts" was listed among the "significant energy projects" totaling 10,400 MW that were being installed in the corridor.[2] However, the Gwadar project did not appear in the list published in April 2015 of the 51 memorandum of understandings (MoU) signed under the agreement.[3] A November 2014 Business Recorder report indicated that Chinese officials "had not given a positive response" to the Gwadar project.[4] The power station was part of the Gwadar Port project, a planned coal terminal linking China and Pakistan.[5][6]

After a meeting with Chinese investors in January 2016, PM Sharif reiterated the government's support of the Gwadar power station project, along with many others included in CPEC.[7] However, concrete details on the project were not announced.

In April 2016, "official sources" said that the government was "all set to shelve" the plan for the coal plant and instead build a series of RLNG-based 100 MW plants. According to a Planning Commission official, the final decision would be taken by the Ministry of Water and Power and Gawadar Development Authority.[8] In May 2016, the federal planning minister criticized the federal water & power ministry for proposing a coal power plant at the site, arguing that three 100-MW oil- or gas-fired power plants should be built instead of coal units in order to limit pollution.[9]

However, in June 2016, the federal government allocated Rs 20 million (US$200,000) for a pre-feasibility study of the Gwadar coal plant.[10]

In March 2017, Pakistan's Economic Coordination Committee awarded the project's contract to the China Communi­cation Construction Group (CCCC), a Chinese state-owned firm, without bidding.[11] In May 2017, Pakistan's Private Power and Infrastructure Board issued a letter of intent to CCCC.[12] CCCC's license was under review by the Pakistan government. The total cost for the project was approximated $492.94 million, which was expected to be financed in a debt to equity ratio of 75:25. The CCCC would be the main sponsor of the project and would hold 75.5 percent equity in the project, while the remaining 24.5 percent equity would be invested by Tianjin Energy Investment Group Company Limited. The subsidiary that would build the plant was called CIHC Pak Power Company Limited (CPPCL) (CIHC stands for CCCC Industrial Investment Holding Company).[13]

In January 2018, the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report had been submitted. A public hearing was attended by the Director-General of the Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency, representatives of CIHC Pak Power Company Ltd, experts of developmental and environmental affairs, NGOs, chairman of municipal committee of Gwadar district, and a large number of concerned citizens from the area. The project was issued a conditional no-objection certificate (NOC) requiring that electricity from the new plant be supplied free of charge to household consumers of the area.[14]

In June 2018, the provincial government, under pressure from the federal government, announced that it would expedite the approval and land acquisition process for the project, and that the project "would enter implementation stage soon."[15]

In December 2018, the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority set a tariff for electricity produced by the plant. Provincial regulatory approval was still ongoing at that time. The provincial government of Balochistan had apparently expressed concerns about the plant's effects on pollution, and on Pakistan's commitments in the Paris Agreement; it said that its concerns had gone unanswered by CPPCL, the project's sponsor.[16]

In February 2019, CPPCL rejected the government's proposed tariff, saying that the government had unilaterally reduced return on equity on the project from 17% to 14%.[17] In May 2019, negotiations over the plant's tariff were ongoing.[18] In September 2019, NEPRA pledged to soon resolve all pending tariff issues on the project.[19]

A groundbreaking ceremony for the plant was held on November 4, 2019.[20] According to the Pakistan Ministry of Energy (updated December 12, 2019), financial close for the plant was in progress.[21]

In May 2020, project developers secured 207 acres of land for the plant.[22]

In September 2020, Power China signed a contract for the operation and maintenance of the power station in the next seven years.[23]

A power purchase agreement (PPA) was signed on April 8, 2021.[24]

In June 2021, work was reported as in full swing – it is unclear what this exactly signified. The project was expected to be functional by October 2023.[25]

Pakistan’s Indicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan 2021-30 approved by the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority in September 2021 listed the project for commissioning in June 2023.[26]

In May 2022, the project was again confirmed to be coming online by the end of 2023.[27] Gwadar Development Authority's "Masterplan 2050" includes the Gwadar Power Plant, the New Gwadar International Airport Project, the China Pak Friendship Hospital, China-Pak Technical and Vocational Institute in Gwadar, the Gwadar East-bay Expressway Project, Gwadar Free Zone, and Gwadar Port.[28] As of 2022, the large-scale development project was being restricted by a shortage of power.[27]

In July 2022, The News reported that the Power Division had decided to abandon the plant and replace it with a solar plant. “We have decided to abandon the project, but we will have to take up the issue at various CPEC forums with our Chinese counterparts. CPEC projects have sensitivity and importance which is why the Power Division’s decision to replace the imported coal-based project at Gwadar with a solar plant is being kept at a low profile,” an official said. Federal Minister for Power Division Khurram Dastgir Khan also hinted the government wanted the Chinese power plant at Gwadar to be replaced with a solar power plant of 300MW.[29]

In October 2022, sources told The Express Tribune that the government had also recently informed the sponsor of the project – China Communications Construction Group (CCCG) – about its decision. Pakistan’s Minister for Planning, Ahsan Iqbal, reportedly requested that feasibility studies be conducted regarding alternative power development possibilities. Changes to projects sponsored under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor require the support of the Joint Cooperation Committee, which was set to convene by the end of that month.[30]

However, that same month, it was also reported that the coal project was still on the agenda of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif for his visit to Beijing starting November 1, 2022. CHIC Pak Power Company was also reportedly inflexible on shifting the plans from from imported coal to Thar coal, and discussions were ongoing.[31]

In December 2022, Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Special Initiatives Ahsan Iqbal asked the China Overseas Ports Holding Company Ltd (COPHCL) to provide the exact demand of the electricity for Gwadar Free Zone and share 10-year plan for electricity consumption by Gwadar Free Zone Company in order to establish exact electricity utilization. The minister made these remarks while chairing a meeting to review progress on the coal project.[32]

In a list of "Upcoming IPPs" dated December 29, 2022, a 300 MW project was also listed as set for July 2028 "Subject to relocation to Thar" (with the Letter of Support "issued" and Financial Close "in progress"). The project location was listed as Thar, Sindh.[33]

On January 19, 2023, it was reported that the Prime Minister had taken a policy decision to go ahead with the Gwadar Power Project, "as had been repeatedly requested by the Chinese Government." Previously, the Government of Pakistan had finalized plans to shift the Gwadar coal power plant from imported coal to Thar coal, but the Chinese government had refused to accept the change. Following a visit to China, Pakistan's Prime Minister was compelled to alter its decision, and the Chinese Foreign Ministry sought written confirmation. Additional information about financing is highlighted below.[34]

Financing

In 2015, the Chinese government committed to finance the development projects at the Gwadar Port, including US$320 million for a coal-fired power station, as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).[35]

China Communi­cation Construction Group and Tianjin Energy Investment Group are jointly developing the project, which was estimated to cost about US$430 million total in 2018.[36] As of August 2021, the project still had not reached financial close and was seeking US$434 million in debt financing. Zeeruk International is acting as the financial advisor to the sponsors for the project.[37]

The Chinese AIDDATA project at the University of William and Mary reports that the total cost of the power station will be US $542.36 million, financed on an 80:20 debt to equity ratio. China Communications Construction Company Limited and Tianjin Energy Investment Group will cover the equity portion of US$108.47 million. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China was identified as the potential lender for the $433.88 million debt portion. Sinosure is providing risk insurance for the transaction.[38]

In February 2022, the Pakistan government agreed to include the much-delayed Gwadar power plant in its highest priority schemes for payment of invoices after commissioning of the project. The move was designed to address concerns from Chinese insurance companies, which had previously refused to provide guarantees for a loan for Gwadar due to payment problems being faced by other Chinese power projects that started power generation in Pakistan. In return for giving highest priority to the project, the Chinese government agreed that it will now provide all necessary support and assistance for financial closure to complete the project at the earliest. The revised deadline for financial close of the project had been June 2019 that was further extended to June 2021. China has missed the second revised deadline and Pakistan has again urged China to ensure early financial close of the project.[39]

On January 19, 2023, it was reported that China had reaffirmed strong resolve to extend financial support to Pakistan including early confirmation of two loans, i.e., from ICBC and CBC.[34]

Opposition

The power station has been met with deep skepticism and criticism, including from Malik Amin Aslam, a former state minister for the environment serving as global vice-president of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. For example, in addition to increasing air pollution and creating waste and coal transport issues, the power station will add to the region's significant water woes.[40][14]

Website

Project Details

  • Sponsor: CIHC Pak Power Company Limited (CPPCL)
  • Parent company: China Communi­cation Construction Group (75.5%), Tianjin Energy Investment Group (24.5%)
  • Location: Gwadar district, Balochistan province, Pakistan
  • Coordinates: 25.2052, 62.3519 (exact)
  • Status: Permitted
  • Capacity: 300 MW (Units 1 & 2: 150 MW)
  • Type: Subcritical
  • Projected in service: 2028
  • Coal Type:
  • Coal Source: Imported (through proposed coal jetty at Gwadar Port)
  • Source of financing: US$108.47 million in equity from China Communications Construction Company Limited and Tianjin Energy Investment Group; $433.88 million in debt from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC)[38][34]

Articles and resources

References

  1. "Grant of Generation Licence No. IGSPL/104/2019," NEPRA, November 13, 2019
  2. Mian Abrar, "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor — A new vista of development in South Asia," Pakistan Today, December 6, 2014
  3. "Details of agreements signed during Xi's visit to Pakistan," Dawn, April 20, 2015
  4. "Coal-fired power: China shows no interest in many Punjab projects," Business Recorder, November 16, 2014
  5. "Gwadar Port holds potential to facilitate foreign trade: official," The International News, March 21, 2015
  6. "Gwadar Port To Create Over 40,000 Job Opportunities," Pakistan Construction & Quarry, accessed July 2016
  7. "Initial work on CPEC economic zones starts," The News, January 12, 2016
  8. Mehtab Haider, "Govt set to shelve Gwadar Coal Project," The International News, April 26, 2016
  9. "Ministry ordered to come up with plan within a week," Urdu Wire, May 13, 2016
  10. "Rs 73.7b for 32 CPEC projects," CPEC Info, June 4, 2016
  11. "Chinese firm awarded Rs55bn power project at Gwadar," Dawn, March 31, 2017
  12. "LoI granted for 300 MW power plant in Gwadar," Pakistan-China Institute - CPEC portal, May 31, 2017
  13. "NEPRA accepts Chinese firm’s application for generation licence," Daily Times, September 16, 2017
  14. 14.0 14.1 "Gwadar to get free electricity to household consumers," Energy Central, January 15, 2018
  15. "Delayed 300MW power plant at Gwadar to enter implementation stage soon," The Nation, June 14, 2018
  16. "Gwadar project: NEPRA sets tariff for 300MW coal-power plant," Express Tribune, December 21, 2018
  17. "CPPCL to review tariff for 300MW Gwadar coal plant," The News, February 2, 2019
  18. "Nepra likely to issue tariff determination for 300MW plant at Gwadar by May-end," The Nation, May 11, 2019
  19. "NEPRA to Decide Pending Tariffs of CPEC Energy Project," thenews.com.pk, September 14, 2019
  20. "300MW Imported Coal Based Power Project At Gwadar, Pakistan," CPEC-Energy Priority Projects, accessed December 2019
  21. Upcoming IPPs, Pakistan Ministry of Energy, December 12, 2019
  22. "MoU signed for coal-fired power plant in Gwadar," Tribune, February 1, 2020
  23. "Seven-year maintenance contract for Gwadar coal-fired power station under CPEC signed," China Pakistan Economic Corridor, September 22, 2020
  24. "300MW Imported Coal Based Power Project At Gwadar, Pakistan," CPEC-Energy Priority Projects, accessed June 29, 2021
  25. "Gwadar power plant to light up ‘gate of wealth’: Officials," Daily Times, June 20, 2021
  26. “Indicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan 2021-30,” National Transmission and Despatch Company, September 2021
  27. 27.0 27.1 “Gwadar’s 300MW coal power plant to end energy scarcity by 2023,” The Express Tribune, May 15, 2022
  28. “Masterplan 2050,” Gwadar Development Authority, January 4, 2022
  29. "Solar plant to replace 300MW Gwadar coal power project," The News, July 25, 2022
  30. "Govt to shelve coal power project," The Express Tribune, October 14, 2022
  31. "Shifting to Thar coal: CPPCL said to have set ‘inflexible’ conditions," Business Recorder, October 31, 2022
  32. "Gwadar Free Zone: Govt seeks exact power demand figures from COPHCL," December 29, 2022
  33. "UPCOMMING IPPs," ppib.gov.pk, December 29, 2022 (accessed January 19, 2023)
  34. 34.0 34.1 34.2 "‘Gwadar plants on Thar coal’: Two Chinese loans to be confirmed soon," Business Recorder, January 19, 2023
  35. $1,036 million to be invested in Gwadar projects by 2018: Ahsan, Geo News, Nov. 11, 2015
  36. "Projects inaugurated in Gwadar to help implement China-Pakistan Economic Corridor - Xinhua," xinhuanet, November 5, 2019
  37. "Preview of Gwadar Coal-Fired Power Plant (300MW) IPP," IJGlobal, accessed Oct. 2021
  38. 38.0 38.1 Project ID: 52545, AIDDATA, Accessed Oct. 2021
  39. "Pakistan moves to address China's Gwadar concerns". The Express Tribune. 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  40. "CPEC’s Environmental Toll: China is bringing coal power to Pakistan, and Pakistanis will pay the environmental price," The Diplomat, April 18, 2018

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