Kawai Thermal Power Project

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Kawai Thermal Power Project is an operating power station of at least 1320-megawatts (MW) in Kawai, Atru, Baran, Rajasthan, India with multiple units, some of which are not currently operating.

Location

Table 1: Project-level location details

Plant name	Location	Coordinates (WGS 84)
Kawai Thermal Power Project	Kawai, Atru, Baran, Rajasthan, India	24.777997, 76.737144 (exact)

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Unit-level coordinates (WGS 84):

• Phase II Unit 1, Phase II Unit 2, Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3, Unit 4, Unit 5, Unit 6: 24.777997, 76.737144

Project Details

Table 2: Unit-level details

Unit name	Status	Fuel(s)	Capacity (MW)	Technology	Start year
Phase II Unit 1	Cancelled	coal: unknown	800	supercritical	–
Phase II Unit 2	Cancelled	coal: unknown	800	supercritical	–
Unit 1	Operating	coal: subbituminous	660	supercritical	2014
Unit 2	Operating	coal: subbituminous	660	supercritical	2014
Unit 3	Pre-permit	coal: unknown	800	ultra-supercritical	–
Unit 4	Pre-permit	coal: unknown	800	ultra-supercritical	–
Unit 5	Pre-permit	coal: unknown	800	ultra-supercritical	–
Unit 6	Pre-permit	coal: unknown	800	ultra-supercritical	–

Table 3: Unit-level ownership and operator details

Unit name	Owner	Parent
Phase II Unit 1	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]
Phase II Unit 2	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]
Unit 1	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]
Unit 2	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]
Unit 3	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]
Unit 4	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]
Unit 5	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]
Unit 6	Adani Power Ltd [100%]	Adani Power Ltd [100.0%]

Project-level coal details

• Coal source(s): Domestic ("nearby commercial coal mines"), domestic

Background

The power station was developed by Adani Power Rajasthan Limited (APRL), a subsidiary of Adani Power. In its 2010-2011 annual report, Adani stated that:

"a power purchase agreement has been executed with Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited, Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited and Jodhpur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited for the sale of 1,200 MW power for a term of 25 years at a tariff having a non-escalable component and an escalable component for fuel & fuel transportation with yearly escalation as notified by CERC escalation indexes from time to time.

"In addition, land and water requirement for the implementation of the Kawai power project has been fulfilled. The environmental clearance for the power project has been recommended by Expert Appraisal Committee, MoEF, GoI. An application for domestic coal linkage to meet the coal requirements of the Kawai power project has been made. Entire 1320 MW capacity is expected to be commissioned by FY14."

According to the Central Electricity Authority, Unit 1 will be commissioned in January 2013 and Unit 2 in April 2013.

The power station was commissioned in January 2014.

Financing for Phase I

In July 2011, a financing agreement for phase I was closed. US$2,440.74 million in loans was provided by SBI Capital Markets, State Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Syndicate Bank, Bank of India, Andhra Bank, Federal Bank of India, Punjab & Sind Bank, Vijaya Bank, and Life Insurance Corporation of India. US$314.92 million in equity was provided by Adani Group. SBI Capital Markets acted as the financial adviser to the sponsor.

In April 2014, a second financing agreement to finance the working capital needs of phase I was closed. The State Bank of India provided US$74.06 million in loans to the project.

Proposed Phase II expansion (2014)

In September 2014, Adani Power applied to expand the power station by 1600 MW. However, there has been no further progress, and it appears that the project is cancelled.

Proposed 3,200 MW expansion (2024)

In May 2024, Adani Watch reported that Adani had applied for an expansion of four new 800 MW units at the Kawai power station. According to the report, Adani had already acquired sufficient land at the Kawai site for the new expansion and was awaiting approval from the environmental ministry. Adani had also applied for government approval to build a new conveyor belt for the expansion in March 2024.

In the Expert Appraisal Committee's (EAC) May 2024 meeting, the Committee deferred the grant of Terms of Reference (ToR) for the 3,200 MW expansion due to insufficient information in the proposal. According to the proposed agenda for the EAC's late June 2024 meeting, Adani had again submitted a proposal for the project's ToR to be assessed during the meeting. During the meeting, the EAC recommended the grant of the project's ToR. The expansion project received its ToR certificate in July 2024.

In August 2024, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) signed a contract to supply boilers, turbines, generators, and other equipment for the expansion, and to oversee building and commissioning. BHEL reportedly expected to complete the entire expansion project in 52 months.

Power Purchase Agreement controversy

According to an investigative report from September 2024, the state of Rajasthan had issued a tender for a 25-year power purchase agreement that allegedly included “bidding criteria that perfectly fit the Adani Group’s power generation capacities and plans.” The tender required 3,200 MW of thermal power and 8,000 MW of solar power in a bundle. Before the tender was issued, Adani had reportedly begun the permitting process for its 3,200 MW coal expansion at Kawai and had signed a memorandum of understanding to build a solar park in Rajasthan. A similar tender for combined coal and solar power had also been issued for Maharashtra. Adani was awarded the Maharashtra contract in September 2024. Energy sector experts warned that tenders requiring combined thermal and solar power excluded many companies from the bidding process, and could lock states into high tariffs even if solar prices continued to fall.

Financing of Expansion

It appeared that Adani will finance the construction of the expansion, planning to invest up to Rs 18,000 crore (ca USD 2.1 billion) as per reporting in September 2024.

Sources from February 2025 indicated that Adani is planning to fund coal plant expansions (including Kawai thermal power plant ) through its reserves of cash as well as by raising debt, including a proposed loan of Rs 18,000 crore (US $2.1 billion) that will raise its total debt by at least 70%.

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of coal-fired power stations, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.