Sherburne County Plant
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Sherburne County Plant is an operating power station of at least 1704-megawatts (MW) in Becker, Sherburne, Minnesota, United States with multiple units, some of which are not currently operating. It is also known as Sherco.
Location
Table 1: Project-level location details
| Plant name | Location | Coordinates (WGS 84) |
|---|---|---|
| Sherburne County Plant | Becker, Sherburne, Minnesota, United States | 45.379811, -93.896694 (exact) |
The map below shows the exact location of the power station.
Unit-level coordinates (WGS 84):
- Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3: 45.379811, -93.896694
Project Details
Table 2: Unit-level details
| Unit name | Status | Fuel(s) | Capacity (MW) | Technology | Start year | Retired year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | operating | coal - subbituminous | 765.3 | subcritical | 1976 | 2026 (planned) |
| Unit 2 | retired[1] | coal - subbituminous | 765.3 | subcritical | 1977 | 2023[1][2] |
| Unit 3 | operating | coal - subbituminous | 938.7 | subcritical | 1987 | 2030 (planned) |
Table 3: Unit-level ownership and operator details
| Unit name | Owner |
|---|---|
| Unit 1 | Northern States Power Co [100.0%] |
| Unit 2 | Northern States Power Co [100.0%] |
| Unit 3 | Southern Minnesota Mun P Agency [41.0%], Northern States Power Co [59.0%] |
Unit Retirements
On October 2, 2015, Xcel Energy filed plans with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission to shut down the plant's Unit 2 in 2023 and Unit 1 in 2026.[3] Prior to this filing, Xcel had planned to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions across the Upper Midwest by 40% by the year 2030 (from 2005 levels), but closing both of these units will contribute to a new goal of a 60% reduction in the same time frame. Generating capacity will be partly replaced with a new natural gas-fired power plant and partly through renewable energy investments.[4]
According to the EIA 860M (April 2019), Unit 1 is scheduled for retirement in 2025, unit 2 in 2022 and Unit 3 in 2034.[5]
In May 2019, Xcel said it would retire unit 3, the last coal unit at the plant in 2030.[6]
In the Xcel Energy 2020 10-k filing the new retirement schedule sets up Unit 1 for retirement in 2026, Unit 2 in 2023 and Unit 3 in 2030.[7]
In 2022, Xcel Energy stated that generation from the Sherco Solar project would be "directly replacing" generation from the coal-fired Sherburne County Plant. The first phase of the solar project would be complete by the end of 2024.[8]
As of December 2023, Xcel Energy expected to retire Unit 2 at the end of the month.[9] Unit 2 retired on schedule at the end of 2023.[10]
Coal Use
The Becker Sherco station is Xcel’s largest fossil-fueled plant, burning 30,000 tons of coal — three trainloads — every day and more than 9 million tons a year.[11]
Solar Energy at Sherburne Site
In 2021 Xcel posted a request for proposals to acquire projects of at least 75MW of solar power generation that could be connected to the transmission infrastructure at the Sherco site in addition to approximately 500 MW of solar power that they will build themself. [12]
As of January 2024, an initial 460 MW of solar capacity was reportedly under construction at the Sherco Solar site to replace generation from the retired coal Unit 2.[13]
Unit 3 damaged and rebuilt
Unit 3 was severely damaged in November 2011 during the testing of safety equipment, followed by a nearly two-year shutdown that required the unit to be rebuilt from the ground up. It began operating again in October 2013.[14]
2010: Xcel waits on installing pollution controls
Sherco is Xcel’s largest fossil-fueled plant, burning 30,000 tons of coal every day and more than 9 million tons a year. Units 1 and 2 were built in the 1970s and use wet scrubber systems for emissions control, while Unit 3 was built in 1987 and has a dry scrubber. In 2007, Xcel proposed increasing the generating capacity in all three of Sherco’s units and installing new emission-control technology to reduce the amount of mercury and other pollutants released into the air. Xcel installed mercury controls on Unit 3 in 2009, but also withdrew the proposals for upgrades to units 1 and 2 due to the struggling economy and the uncertainty of future federal regulations.[11]
In August 2010, Xcel Energy reaffirmed its decision not to pursue nearly $1 billion in upgrades to two older units at its coal-fired power plant in Becker, pending a host of new federal regulations expected to target emissions from large plants like Sherco. Xcel is instead planning a less costly $39 million "power boost" to the newest of the plant’s three units. In the short term, the decision not to upgrade units 1 and 2 means the state’s largest power plant will continue to emit tons of greenhouse gases and mercury each year. But environmental groups are hopeful it means Xcel will decide it is no longer wise to invest more money in an aging coal plant, and will look to phase out the older Sherco units or convert them to another fuel source.[11]
2013: units to continue
In 2012 a coalition of nonprofit groups sued U.S. EPA in hopes of getting tougher emissions standards placed on Sherburne County Plant Units 1 and 2. In 2013, Xcel filed a “life cycle management study” with Minnesota regulators examining alternatives to continuing to operate Sherco Units 1 and 2. The study included risk-benefit analyses for converting the units to natural gas at a cost of $1.7 billion or retiring them altogether. Ultimately, Xcel decided that neither alternative option made economic sense in the near term and decided it would continue to operate Sherco’s two older units under current scenarios.[15]
Emissions Data
- 2006 CO2 Emissions: 18,003,648 tons [16]
- 2006 SO2 Emissions: 24,742 tons [17]
- 2006 NOx Emissions: 25,459 tons [18]
- 2005 Mercury Emissions: 958 lb. [19]
Mercury
The 2012 NRDC report, Poisoning the Great Lakes: 25 Coal-fired Power Plants Responsible for Half the Region's Mercury Pollution, found that 25 coal-fired power plants account for more than half of the mercury pollution emitted by the total of 144 electricity generation facilities in the Great Lakes region, and that almost 90 percent of the toxic emissions could be eliminated with available technologies. Over 13,000 pounds of mercury was emitted by the 144 coal plants into the air in 2010.
The coal-fired power plants with the highest mercury emissions are: Shawville Generating Station (Clearfield County, PA); Monroe Power Plant (Monroe County, MI); Homer City Generating Station (Indiana County, PA); Cardinal Plant (Jefferson County, OH); and Sherburne County Plant (Sherburne County, MN). A dozen power plants in Ohio and Indiana -- owned in whole or part by American Electric Power -- accounted for 19 percent of all mercury emitted in 2010 in the region.
Toxic Waste Data
Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Release Inventory: Sherburne County Plant Data[20]
- Chromium Waste: 56,671 pounds
- Air Release: 421 pounds
- Land Release (Landfill/Sludge/Reuse): 56,250 pounds
- Dioxin Waste: 1.85 grams
- Air Release: 1.85 grams
- Lead Waste: 60,914.2 pounds
- Air Release: 380.8 pounds
- Land Release (Landfill/Sludge/Reuse): 60,533.4 pounds
- Nickel Waste: 74,185 pounds
- Air Release: 605 pounds
- Land Release (Landfill/Sludge/Reuse): 73,580 pounds
Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from Sherburne County Plant
In 2010, Abt Associates issued a study commissioned by the Clean Air Task Force, a nonprofit research and advocacy organization, quantifying the deaths and other health effects attributable to fine particle pollution from coal-fired power plants.[21] Fine particle pollution consists of a complex mixture of soot, heavy metals, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Among these particles, the most dangerous are those less than 2.5 microns in diameter, which are so tiny that they can evade the lung's natural defenses, enter the bloodstream, and be transported to vital organs. Impacts are especially severe among the elderly, children, and those with respiratory disease. The study found that over 13,000 deaths and tens of thousands of cases of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, asthma, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease, and pneumonia each year are attributable to fine particle pollution from U.S. coal plant emissions. These deaths and illnesses are major examples of coal's external costs, i.e. uncompensated harms inflicted upon the public at large. Low-income and minority populations are disproportionately impacted as well, due to the tendency of companies to avoid locating power plants upwind of affluent communities. To monetize the health impact of fine particle pollution from each coal plant, Abt assigned a value of $7,300,000 to each 2010 mortality, based on a range of government and private studies. Valuations of illnesses ranged from $52 for an asthma episode to $440,000 for a case of chronic bronchitis.[22]
Table 1: Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from Sherburne County Plant
| Type of Impact | Annual Incidence | Valuation |
|---|---|---|
| Deaths | 92 | $670,000,000 |
| Heart attacks | 150 | $16,000,000 |
| Asthma attacks | 1,600 | $83,000 |
| Hospital admissions | 69 | $1,600,000 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 59 | $26,000,000 |
| Asthma ER visits | 100 | $38,000 |
Source: "Find Your Risk from Power Plant Pollution," Clean Air Task Force interactive table, accessed February 2011
Sherburne ranked 2nd on list of most polluting power plants in terms of coal waste
In January 2009, Sue Sturgis of the Institute of Southern Studies compiled a list of the 100 most polluting coal plants in the United States in terms of coal combustion waste (CCW) stored in surface impoundments like the one involved in the TVA Kingston Fossil Plant coal ash spill.[23] The data came from the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) for 2006, the most recent year available.[24]
Sherburne County Plant ranked number 2 on the list, with 4,721,862 pounds of coal combustion waste released to surface impoundments in 2006.[23]
Drinking water contaminated with hexavalent chromium from coal may cause cancer
A report released by EarthJustice and the Sierra Club in early February 2011 stated that there are many health threats associated a toxic cancer-causing chemical found in coal ash waste called hexavalent chromium. The report specifically cited 29 sites in 17 states where the contamination was found. The information was gathered from existing EPA data on coal ash and included locations in Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Massachusetts, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virgina and Wisconsin. In Minnesota, the Sherburne County Plant in Becker was reported as having high levels of chromium seeping into groundwater.[25]
As a press release about the report read:
- Hexavalent chromium first made headlines after Erin Brockovich sued Pacific Gas & Electric because of poisoned drinking water from hexavalent chromium. Now new information indicates that the chemical has readily leaked from coal ash sites across the U.S. This is likely the tip of the iceberg because most coal ash dump sites are not adequately monitored.[26]
Accidents and Negligence
- November 5, 1986 [27]
- A helicopter crashed while installing 4,600-pound roof vents at Sherburne County generating facility.
- The chopper developed an engine problem while trying to unload a vent. The pilot was killed and was the only one injured.
- April 7, 1987 [28]
- A blast tore holes in a coal storage building. No one was injured, but the plant shut down for the rest of the day.
Litigation and Controversy
- January 1, 2008 [29]
- Xcel Energy, unrelated to any lawsuit or violation, asked state regulators for permission to install regulators to help decrease mercury emissions
- Should the state acquiesce, Xcel can have the regulators installed by 2010.
Articles and Resources
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Xcel Energy retires one of three coal units at Sherco plant". Power Engineering. 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240125145302/https://s25.q4cdn.com/680186029/files/doc_downloads/irw/SEC_10-K_Filings/updated/Xcel-2020-10-K-As-Filed.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2024.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ Kirsti Marohn (2015-10-02). "Xcel wants to close 2 Sherco coal units, add gas plant". SCTimes. Retrieved 2015-10-02.
- ↑ David Shaffer (2015-10-02). "Xcel plans more wind, solar power and less coal". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2015-10-02.
- ↑ 860M: Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory, EIA, April 2019
- ↑ "Xcel's new plan: Coal-free by 2030, nuclear until 2040," MPR News, May 20, 2019
- ↑ "Xcel Energy 10-k 2020, page 12" Investor.xcelenergy.com, accessed April 21, 2021
- ↑ "Minnesota's largest solar project moves forward" Xcel Energy, September 21, 2022.
- ↑ "The U.S. is moving away from coal. We toured a central Minnesota plant in transition," Project Optimist, December 6, 2023
- ↑ "Xcel Energy retires one of three coal units at Sherco plant," Power Engineering, January 4, 2024
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Kirsti Marohn, "Times exclusive: $1 billion upgrade at Xcel's Becker Sherco plant on hold" SC Times, Oct. 24, 2010.
- ↑ "Solar Generation Request for Proposals" xcelenergy.com, accessed May 2, 2021.
- ↑ "Xcel Energy retires Minnesota coal unit, eyes 710MW solar and 100-hour battery as replacement," PV Tech, January 8, 2024
- ↑ "Minnesota’s largest coal unit to restart, despite concerns over pollution, emissions," ClimateWire, Oct 9, 2013
- ↑ Daniel Cusick, "Minnesota’s largest coal unit to restart, despite concerns over pollution, emissions," E&E, Oct 9, 2013.
- ↑ "Carbon Monitoring for Action: Sherburne County Plant Data". Center for Global Democracy.
- ↑ Environmental Protection Agency. "Toxic Release Inventory: Sherburne County Plant Data". Right to Know Network.
- ↑ Environmental Protection Agency. "Toxic Release Inventory: Sherburne County Plant Data". Right to Know Network.
- ↑ Environmental Protection Agency. "Toxic Release Inventory: Sherburne County Plant Data". Right to Know Network.
- ↑ Environmental Protection Agency. "Toxic Release Inventory: Sherburne County Plant Data". Right to Know Network.
- ↑ "The Toll from Coal: An Updated Assessment of Death and Disease from America's Dirtiest Energy Source," Clean Air Task Force, September 2010.
- ↑ "Technical Support Document for the Powerplant Impact Estimator Software Tool," Prepared for the Clean Air Task Force by Abt Associates, July 2010
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Sue Sturgis, "Coal's ticking timebomb: Could disaster strike a coal ash dump near you?," Institute for Southern Studies, January 4, 2009.
- ↑ TRI Explorer, EPA, accessed January 2009.
- ↑ "EPA’s Blind Spot: Hexavalent Chromium in Coal Ash" Earthjustice & Sierra Club, February 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Coal ash waste tied to cancer-causing chemicals in water supplies" Alicia Bayer, Examiner.com, February 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Pilot Killed in Helicopter Crash at NSP Plant in Becker". Minneapolis Star Tribune. November 5, 1986.
- ↑ "Blast Damages NSP's Sherco Power Plant". Minneapolis Star Tribune. April 7, 1987.
- ↑ "Xcel Energy to Control Mercury Emissions". Power Engineering. January 1, 2008.
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of coal-fired power stations, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
