Sidor Ciudad Guayana steel plant

From Global Energy Monitor
(Redirected from Siderúrgica Sidor)
This article is part of the
Global Steel Plant Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor.
Download full dataset
Report an error
Sub-articles:

Sidor Ciudad Guayana steel plant (Siderúrgica Sidor (Spanish)), also known as Siderúrgica del Orinoco, is a direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace (DRI-EAF) steel plant operating in Guayana City, Bolívar, Venezuela.

Location

The map below shows the exact location of the plant in Guayana City, Bolívar, Venezuela:

Loading map...
  • Location: Puerto Ordaz, Guayana City, Bolívar, Venezuela
  • Coordinates (WGS 84): 8.259073, -62.841126 (exact)

Background

Siderúrgica de Orinoco C.A. (Sidor) is Venezuela's largest steel maker. Before its nationalization in May 2008, it was the largest steel exporter in Andean South America and the fourth largest steel exporter in all of Latin America.[1]

In 1926 and 1947, major iron deposits were discovered in Venezuela's Bolívar state, and in 1953 Sidor was founded as a public company entrusted with the construction of a new steel plant in Ciudad Guayana, near the Orinoco River. Construction began in 1957, and the plant began producing steel in 1962.[2]

In 1997, the plant was privatised under President Rafael Caldera. Terms of the sale called for the Amazonia consortium – made up of Mexico's Hylsa and Tamsa, Argentina's Siderar, Venezuela's Sivensa, and Brazil's Usiminas de Brasil – to control a 70% stake in the company.[2]

Sidor was renationalised in mid-2008 under Hugo Chávez following a series of industrial disputes over pay which had paralysed the company for over a year.[3][4][5] In May 2009, then-majority owner Ternium agreed to relinquish its 59.7% stake in the company in exchange for a $1.97 billion payment from the Venezuelan government.[6]

The plant's production declined steadily over the ensuing decade.[7][8] A former Sidor director said that Chávez had "received it as a productive and solvent company; but management coming from the military world, unaware of 'steel manufacturing' activity, together with the 'absence of strategic planning and investments, led to a sustained fall in production'."[1]

Production at Sidor declined from 4.3 million tons in 2007 to less than 300 thousand tons in 2018[7], with output in 2017 reportedly representing only 3% of the plant's capacity.[9] Operations ceased completely after the Venezuelan blackout of March 2019, and the plant's 16,000 workers were said to be left staring at the ceiling instead of working.[10][11]

In December 2020, the Venezuelan government asserted that Sidor was prepared to resume production of crude steel in 2021[12]; however, other media outlets reported that the plant was still only operating at 3.3% of capacity in the first half of 2021[13] and 5% of capacity in 2022.[14] As of August 2023, SteelOrbis reported that furnace 1 was set to resume crude steelmaking.[8]

Plant Details

Table 1: General Plant Details

Plant status Start date Workforce size
Operating[15][16] 1962[17] 12676[18][19]
Operating[15][16] 1962[17] 12676[18][19]

Table 2: Ownership and Parent Company Information

State-owned entity status Parent company Parent company GEM ID Owner Owner company PermID Owner company GEM ID
Full Siderurgica del Orinoco Alfredo Maneiro CA [100%] E100001000281 [100%] Siderurgica del Orinoco Alfredo Maneiro SIDOR CA[19][20] 5000051649 E100000130923

Table 3: Process and Products

Steel product category Steel products Steel sector end users Main production equipment Detailed production equipment
crude; semi-finished; finished rolled[21] ingots, billets, slabs, chrome sheet, tinplate, annealed, hot rolled, cold rolled, wire rod, bars, rebar[21] automotive; building and infrastructure; energy; steel packaging; tools and machinery; transport[21] DRI, EAF[22][23] 8 DRI plants (4 Midrex, 4 HYL/Energiron): DRI # I (1977, idled according to both AIST and Midrex), DRI # IIA, IIB and IIC (1979, all three units idled per AIST, operating per Midrex), DRI HYL 1 (1976), DRI HYL 2A and 2B (1980), DRI HYL 2C (1981); 5 EAF (200 tonnes each)[23][24][25][26]
crude; semi-finished; finished rolled[21] ingots, billets, slabs, chrome sheet, tinplate, annealed, hot rolled, cold rolled, wire rod, bars, rebar[21] automotive; building and infrastructure; energy; steel packaging; tools and machinery; transport[21] DRI, EAF[22][23] 8 DRI plants (4 Midrex, 4 HYL/Energiron): DRI # I (1977, idled according to both AIST and Midrex), DRI # IIA, IIB and IIC (1979, all three units idled per AIST, operating per Midrex), DRI HYL 1 (1976), DRI HYL 2A and 2B (1980), DRI HYL 2C (1981); 5 EAF (200 tonnes each)[23][24][25][26]

Table 4: Crude Steel Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

*Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status* Electric arc furnace steelmaking capacity Nominal crude steel capacity (total)
operating 1020 TTPA[19][15][16][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25] 1020 TTPA[19][15][16][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25]
mothballed 4080 TTPA[19][15][16][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25] 4080 TTPA[19][15][16][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25][19][15][27][25]

Table 5: Crude Iron Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

*Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status* Sponge iron/DRI capacity Nominal iron capacity (total)
operating 2680 TTPA[24][24][24][24][23][28][23][28][23][28][23][28] 2680 TTPA[24][24][24][24][23][28][23][28][23][28][23][28]
mothballed 1290 TTPA[24][24][24][24][23][28][23][28][23][28][23][28] 1290 TTPA[24][24][24][24][23][28][23][28][23][28][23][28]

Table 6: Upstream Products Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

Pellets
1825 TTPA[29][30][31]
1825 TTPA[29][30][31]

Table 7: Actual Crude Steel Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year EAF Production Total (all routes)
2020 17 TTPA[32][18] 17 TTPA[33][32][34]
2021 169 TTPA[15][18] 169 TTPA
2022 230 TTPA[35] 230 TTPA

Table 8: Actual Crude Iron Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year DRI Production Total (all routes)
2020 – 1 TTPA[36]
2021 >0 TTPA[37][38] >0 TTPA
2022 >0 TTPA[23][39] >0 TTPA

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of steel power plants, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Steel Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Señalan que con el apagón se cierran las puertas de Sidor". El Universal. March 17, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Historia siderúrgica". Sidor. Retrieved 2020-09-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ↑ "Venezuela's Chavez nationalizes steel industry - May. 1, 2008". CNN Money. May 1, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ↑ "Thousands strike at Venezuela's Sidor steel". Reuters. January 31, 2008.
  5. ↑ "Venezuela says Ternium Sidor stake worth $800 mln". Reuters. April 27, 2008.
  6. ↑ "Ternium Sells Sidor To Venezuela For $1.97B". Associated Press / Manufacturing.net. May 7, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "El derrumbe de Sidor, la siderúrgica de Techint estatizada en Venezuela: pasó de 4,3 millones de toneladas de acero por año a producir nada". infobae. January 27, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Sidor to restart crude steel production in Venezuela". SteelOrbis. June 22, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ref_4
  10. ↑ "Venezuelan steelmaker Sidor shuts all operations after energy blackout". S&P Global Platts. March 19, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ↑ "Jorge Roig: El apagón es una tragedia peor que el terremoto de Caracas". El Nacional. March 14, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ↑ "Sidor garantiza producción de acero líquido en 2021". Corporación Venezolana de Guayana. December 1, 2020. Retrieved 2023-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ↑ "Trabajadores: "Sidor produjo solo 3,3% de su capacidad durante primer semestre de 2021"". El Pitazo • YouTube. July 16, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ↑ "Sidoristas afirman que producción en 2022 alcanzó apenas un 5 % de su capacidad". El Pitazo. January 11, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 https://web.archive.org/web/20220626182446/https://cronica.uno/sidor-cerro-2021-con-3-de-produccion-y-una-serie-de-accidentes-que-oculta-ante-inpsasel/. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 https://web.archive.org/web/20240119025818/https://www.steelorbis.com/steel-news/latest-news/sidor-to-restart-crude-steel-production-in-venezuela-1295528.htm. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220205093557/http://sidor.com/la-nueva-sidor-54/sidor-es-venezuela/historia-siderurgica. Archived from the original on 05 February 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211439/https://www.elimpulso.com/2023/01/02/nestor-astudillo-un-crecimiento-de-4375-registro-la-produccion-de-acero-liquido-de-sidor-durante-el-ano-2022-2dic/. Archived from the original on 03 January 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240125055518/https://transparenciave.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/EPE-II-Sector-Metalurgia_DeF.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220723194737/http://www.sidor.com/la-nueva-sidor-54. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 https://web.archive.org/web/20220120113101/http://www.sidor.com/catalogo-de-productos. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220423132016/http://sidor.com/la-nueva-sidor-54/produccion-del-acero. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 23.16 23.17 23.18 23.19 23.20 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20231103031625/https://www.midrex.com/wp-content/uploads/MidrexSTATSBook2022.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 03 November 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20230329071255/https://www.energiron.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Energiron-reference-list.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 25.19 25.20 25.21 (PDF) https://www.monografias.com/trabajos-pdf4/optimizacion-patron-carga-metalica-hornos-aceria-planchones-sidor/optimizacion-patron-carga-metalica-hornos-aceria-planchones-sidor.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 AIST Electric Arc Furnace Roundup http://www.sidor.com/la-nueva-sidor-54/produccion-del-acero2022 AIST Electric Arc Furnace Roundup. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 27.15 27.16 27.17 27.18 27.19 https://www.monografias.com/trabajos101/optimizacion-servicios-se-consumen-linea-planchones/optimizacion-servicios-se-consumen-linea-planchones. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220318083849/http://www.midrex.com/wp-content/uploads/Midrex-Plants-Sheet2021-1.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 https://www.steelorbis.com/steel-news/latest-news/venezuelas-sidor-maintains-iron-ore-pellet-production-1274850.htm. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20230328210533/http://www.sidor.com/noticias-sidor/noticias/105-ultimas-noticias/969-planta-de-pellas-supera-meta-de-produccion. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20230621041925/https://en.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/economia/inicia-operaciones-la-planta-de-pellas-de-sidor/. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 https://www.reuters.com/article/salud-coronavirus-venezuela-oxigeno-idLTAKBN2AA2BF. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  33. ↑ https://www.bancaynegocios.com/datos-debacle-productiva-y-financiera-en-empresas-de-guayana-hace-de-su-recuperacion-una-mision-imposible/https://voce.com.ve/2021/01/19/552134. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210120152804/https://voce.com.ve/2021/01/19/552134/sidor-solo-produjo-1-de-acero-liquido-en-2020/. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  35. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240111070524/https://elpitazo.net/guayana/sidoristas-afirman-que-produccion-en-2022-alcanzo-apenas-un-5-de-su-capacidad/. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20210810153606/https://www.alacero.org/sites/default/files/publicacion/america_latina_en_cifras_2020_es-en_09nov.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20221008040524/https://www.midrex.com/wp-content/uploads/MidrexSTATSBook2021.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 08 October 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220117191258/http://www.acero.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/america_latina_en_cifras_2021_es-en_capa2_0.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ↑ https://digaloahidigital.com/articulo/el-grupo-orinoco-ante-la-destrucci%C3%B3n-de-las-industrias-b%C3%A1sicas-de-guayana. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Resources

Retrieved from "https://www.gem.wiki/w/index.php?title=Sidor_Ciudad_Guayana_steel_plant&oldid=603311"
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Powered by MediaWiki
Powered by Canasta
Powered by Semantic MediaWiki