Ultra-High-Voltage (UHV) Power Transmission System in China

Ultra high voltage (UHV)  refers to power transmission technology with alternating current (AC) voltage levels of 1000 kilovolts or more and direct current (DC) of ±800 kilovolts or more, a definition by China. Other countries may have different thresholds. China commissioned the first such power transmission line in 2008. As of March 2025, 42 UHV power transmission lines were operating, half of which with AC and half with DC.

Footnote 1

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Note.

Technology

Abbreviations

　　UHVDC --超高压直流输电(ultra-high-voltage direct current)

　　UHVAC-- 超高压交流输电( ultra-high-voltage alternating current)

　　HVDC--高压直流电(High-voltage direct current)

The advantages of UHV

• large transmission capacity
• long transmission distance
• low line loss
• space saving
• Improved Efficiency: The application of ultra-high voltage technology allows an effective increase in transmission efficiency, reducing interference caused by external and internal factors. Besides, it does not require reactive compensation, unlike traditional power transmission models, which may be limited by thermal resistance problems in the high voltage cables, which affects the stability of the transmission.
• Greater Reliability and Stability: Ultra high voltage transmission is more reliable and stable, Effectively avoiding wasting energy during transmission. Even in adverse conditions, it can meet high power transmission demands, something that traditional methods cannot match.
• Costs reduction: The application of ultra-high voltage transmission technology allows a significant reduction in power transmission costs. According to data, The transmission capacity of ultra-high voltage lines is more than three times higher compared to conventional transmission lines. This means that under the same transmission conditions, ultra-high-voltage networks can reduce electricity grid costs by 90%.
• Balance in Energy Distribution: Promotion of ultra-high voltage transmission technology can achieve a balance in electric power distribution, benefiting various regions and ensuring equitable distribution of energy.

The disadvantages of UHV

• Impact on Human Health: There is a debate in the scientific community about the impact of ultra-high voltage on human health. A definitive conclusion has not yet been reached and a more complete data analysis is required.. Fortunately, Most ultra-high voltage transmission lines are located in areas far from inhabited areas., which limits direct contact with the population.
• Need for Continuous Innovation: Despite significant advances in ultra-high voltage transmission technology and its promising future in the electrical sector, it is necessary to continue innovating based on the changing demands of energy transmission. The rapid evolution of electrical technologies implies the need to research and develop products such as lightning arresters and transformers in accordance with power transmission requirements.
• Vulnerable for natural disasters and the terrorism attack, especially the DC transmission lines. ((need to add more from the debate))
• Expensive on constructing such a line.

Background

Who invented UHV?

• The former Soviet Union launched the first 907 kilometers long UHV transmission line, connecting the towns of Ekibastuz and Kokchetav in Kazakhstan in September 1985 with a voltage of 1150 kV.  It was downgraded to a common 500 kV after the dismantlement of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Besides China, which countries have developed UHV transmission lines?

• India
• Japan.
• Brazil
• Italy
• UK

When did China adopt the technology?

• Since 2004, China began large scale experiment on UHV. In 2006, the first such line, Southeastern Shanxi - Nanyang - Jingmen UHV  was permitted for construction and went operational in 2008.

UHV Transmission Line Network details

Four stages of UHV development in China

• 2008-2014 Mainly hydro and coal power transmission  以煤电传输开端，以水电传输为主.
• 2015-2019 In order to improve the air quality in major cities, UHV permitting and construction accelerated, aiming to replace coal use in the areas. 改善大气环境, 输电代替输煤.
• 2020-2024 Establish and strengthen UHV regional power grid  建立并加强特高压局域电网.
• 2023- Accelerate providing access to renewable energy 为可再生能源提供通道.

Table 1: UHV projects commissioned between 2008-2014.

UHV Power Tansmission Line

UHV Tansmission Line in Chinese

Other name

Status

Commissioned Year

Capacity 额定输送容量 (MW)

Technology

Transmission Distance（km）

circuit

Investment (Billion RMB）

Permitted Date

Ultimate Parent

Start Region

End Region

Anhui South- Zhejiang North- Shanghai

皖电东送淮南-浙北-上海特高压交流输电示范工程

皖电东送

operating

2013-08-01

10500

1000 kV Ultra-AC

648.7

2

18.5

2012-09

State Grid

Anhui

Shanghai

Southeastern Shanxi - Nanyang - Jingmen

晋东南--南阳--荆门1000千瓦特高压交流实验示范工程

operating

2008-01

5000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

645

5.887

2006-8

State Grid

Shanxi

Hubei

Xiangjiaba-Shanghai

向家坝-上海±800千伏特高压直流输电示范工程

复奉直流

operating

2010

6400

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1907

23.274

2007-04-26

State Grid

Sichuan

Shanghai

Jinping-Jiangsu South

锦屏-苏南 ±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

锦苏直流

operating

2012-12-21

7200

±800 kV Ultra-DC

2059

22

2008-11

State Grid

Sichuan

Jiangsu

Xiluodu-Zhejiang

溪洛渡-浙江±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

宾金直流, 溪浙工程

operating

2014-07

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1680

23.855

2012-07

State Grid

Sichuan

Zhejiang

Hami South -- Zhengzhou

哈密南--郑州±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

天中直流，哈郑直流，疆电外送第三通道

operating

2014

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

2210

23.4

2012-5

State Grid

Xinjiang

Henan

Yunnan-Guangdong

云南楚雄-广东惠东（云广±800千伏特高压直流输电工程）

楚穗直流，云广直流

operating

2010

5000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1373

13.2

2006

China Southern Power Grid

Yunnan

Guangdong

Nuozhadu-Guangdong

糯扎渡送电广东±800kV直流输电工程（云南普洱-广东江门）

普侨直流

operating

2013

5000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1413

13.3

2011-10

China Southern Power Grid

Yunnan

Guangdong

Zhejiang North-Zhejiang Middle-Zhejiang South-Fuzhou

浙北-福州1000千伏特高压交流输变电工程

浙福特高压

operating

2014-12-26

6800

1000 kV Ultra-AC

603

2

18.87

2013-03

State Grid

Zhejiang

Fujian

Table 2: UHV projects commissioned 2015-2019.

UHV Power Tansmission Line

UHV Tansmission Line in Chinese

Other name

Status

Commissioned Year

Capacity 额定输送容量 (MW)

Technology

Transmission Distance（km）

circuit

Investment (Billion RMB）

Permitted Date

Ultimate Parent

Start Region

End Region

Anhui South- Nanjing- Shanghai

皖电东送淮南-南京-上海1000千伏特高压交流输变电项目

皖电东送

operating

2019-09-26

6000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

779.5

2

26.1

2014-4-21

State Grid

Anhui

Jiangsu

Jiuquan- Hunan

酒泉-- 湖南+-800千伏特高压直流输电工程 (陇电入湘)

祁韶直流，酒湖工程

operating

2017-6

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

2383

26.2

2015-5-18

State Grid

Gansu

Hunan

Xiong'an-Shijiazhuang

雄安-石家庄1000千伏特高压交流工程 （北京西-石家庄交流特高压输变电工程）

operating

2019-06-04

1000 kV Ultra-AC

228

2

3.5

2017-07

State Grid

Hebei

Hebei

Xilingol-Shengli

锡盟-胜利特高压交流输电工程

operating

2017-7

3000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

240

2

4.956

2016-01

State Grid

Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia

Xilingol- Jiangsu

锡盟-泰州±800千伏特高压直流工程

锡泰直流

operating

2017－8

10000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1619

26.4

2015-10-30

State Grid

Inner Mongolia

Jiangsu

Xilingol- Shandong

锡盟--山东1000千伏特高压交流输变电工程

operating

2016 - 8

9000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

730

2

17.8

2014-7-12

State Grid

Inner Mongolia

Shandong

Western Mongolia- Tianjin

蒙西-天津南1000千伏特高压交流输变电工程

operating

2019-01-11

6000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

608

2

17.5

2015-1

State Grid

Inner Mongolia

Tianjin

Shanghai Temple- Shandong

上海庙--山东临沂±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

昭沂直流

operating

2019

10000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1238

22.1

2015-12

State Grid

Inner Mongolia

Shandong

Jarud- Shandong Qingzhou

扎鲁特--山东青州±800千伏特高压直流输电工程（鲁固直流项目）

鲁固直流

operating

2017-12-31

10000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1234

22.1

2016-8

State Grid

Inner Mongolia

Shandong

Eastern Ningxia- Zhejiang

宁东-浙江±800千伏特高压直流输电工程 (灵州-绍兴±800千伏特高压直流输电工程)

灵绍直流

operating

2016-08-01

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1720

23.7

2014-8-5

State Grid

Ningxia

Zhejiang

Yuheng- Weifang

榆横--潍坊1000千伏特高压交流输变电工程

operating

2017-08

6000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

1049

2

24.2

2015-5

State Grid

Shaanxi

Shandong

Northern Shanxi- Nanjing

晋北--江苏±800千伏特高压直流输电工程 （雁门关-淮安特高压直流输电工程）

雁淮直流

operating

2017-07

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1119

16.2

2015-6-10

State Grid

Shanxi

Jiangsu

Zhundong - Southern Anhui

准东--皖南+-1100千伏特高压直流输电工程

吉泉直流，疆电外送第四通道

operating

2019

12000

1100 kV Ultra-DC

3324

40.7

2015-12-28

State Grid

Xinjiang

Anhui

Yunnan Northwest-Guangdong

滇西北—广东±800千伏直流输电工程（丽江—深圳±800千伏特高压直流线路）

新东直流

operating

2018-05-18

5000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1953

17

2015-12-28

China Southern Power Grid

Yunnan

Guangdong

Table 3: UHV projects commissioned 2020-2024.

UHV Power Tansmission Line

UHV Tansmission Line in Chinese

Other name

Status

Commissioned Year

Capacity 额定输送容量 (MW)

Technology

Transmission Distance（km）

circuit

Investment (Billion RMB）

Permitted Date

Ultimate Parent

Start Region

End Region

Fuzhou-Xiamen

福州-厦门1000千伏特高压交流输电工程

operating

2023-12-16

1000 kV Ultra-AC

234

2

7.1

2022-01

State Grid

Fujian

Fujian

Gansu East- Shandong

陇东-山东特高压直流工程（陇电入鲁）

陇电入鲁

operating

2024-12

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

926

20.2

2023-2

State Grid

Gansu

Shandong

Zhangbei-Shengli

张北-胜利1000千伏特高压输电交流项目

operating

2024-10-31

1000 kV Ultra-AC

366

2

6.786

2022-09-15

State Grid

Hebei

Inner Mongolia

Zhangbei-Xiong'an

张北-雄安1000千伏特高压交流输变电工程

operating

2020-08-29

6000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

319

2

5.98

2018-11

State Grid

Hebei

Hebei

Zhumadian-Nanyang

驻马店-南阳1000千伏特高压交流输电工程

operating

2020-06-06

1000 kV Ultra-AC

188.4

2

2.16

2018-12-10

State Grid

Henan

Henan

Zhumadian-Wuhan

驻马店-武汉1000千伏特高压交流输电工程

operating

2023-11-27

1000 kV Ultra-AC

287

2

3.8

2021-11-17

State Grid

Henan

Hubei

Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha

南阳～荆门～长沙1000kV特高压交流输变电工程

operating

2022-10

6000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

625.8

2021-4-1

State Grid

Henan

Hunan

Jingmen-Wuhan

荆门—武汉1000千伏特高压交流输变电工程

operating

2022-12-28

1000 kV Ultra-AC

234

6.5

2020-12-23

State Grid

Hubei

Hubei

Wuhan-Nanchang

武汉至南昌1000千伏特高压交流线路工程

operating

2023-12-27

1000 kV Ultra-AC

462.9

2

9.082

2022-6-27

State Grid

Hubei

Jiangxi

Western Mongolia-Mid Shanxi

蒙西-晋中1000千伏特高压交流工程

operating

2020-09

8000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

313

2

5.4

2018-03

State Grid

Inner Mongolia

Shanxi

Nanchang-Changsha

南昌-长沙1000千伏特高压交流输电工程

operating

2021-12-26

1000 kV Ultra-AC

341

2

10.2

2020-12-22

State Grid

Jiangxi

Hunan

Qinghai-Henan

青海—河南±800千伏特高压直流输电工程 （青豫直流）

青豫直流

operating

2020-12-30

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1587

22.3

2018-10

State Grid

Qinghai

Henan

North of Shaanxi-Hubei Wuhan

陕北-湖北±800千伏特高压直流工程

陕武直流

operating

2021

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1137

18.5

2019-01-01

State Grid

Shaanxi

Hubei

Weifang-Linyi-Zaozhuang-Heze-Shijiazhuang

潍坊-临沂-枣庄-菏泽-石家庄1000千伏特高压交流工程 （山东-河北特高压交流环网）

operating

2020-01-04

1000 kV Ultra-AC

816

2

14

2017-10-31

State Grid

Shandong

Hebei

Yazhong-Jiangxi

雅中-江西±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

雅湖直流

operating

2021

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1696

24.4

2019-08

State Grid

Sichuan

Jiangxi

Sichuan-Chongqing

川渝1000千伏特高压交流工程

operating

2024-12-27

4000

1000 kV Ultra-AC

658

2

28.6

2022-09

State Grid

Sichuan

Chongqing

Baihetan-Jiangsu

白鹤滩-江苏±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

建苏直流

operating

2022-07-01

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

2087

30.7

2020-11

State Grid

Sichuan

Jiangsu

Baihetan-Zhejiang

白鹤滩—浙江±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

金塘直流

operating

2022-12-30

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

2121

29.9

2021-07

State Grid

Sichuan

Zhejiang

Wudongde-Guangxi-Guangdong

乌东德电站送电广东广西特高压多端柔性直流示范工程 （昆柳龙柔性直流工程）

昆柳龙直流

operating

2020-12

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1452

24.3

2018-03

China Southern Power Grid

Yunnan

Guangdong

Table 4: UHV projects under construction and proposed.

UHV Power Tansmission Line

UHV Tansmission Line in Chinese

Other name

Status

Commissioned Year

Capacity 额定输送容量 (MW)

Technology

Transmission Distance（km）

circuit

Investment (Billion RMB）

Permitted Date

Ultimate Parent

Start Region

End Region

Gansu-Zhejiang

甘肃－浙江±800千伏特高压直流输电工程（陇电入浙）

陇电入浙

construction

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

2370

35.3

2024-7

State Grid Corperation of China

Gansu

Zhejiang

Badan Jilin-Sichuan (Gansu-Sichuan)

巴丹吉林-四川±800千伏特高压直流线路工程(陇电入川)

陇电入川

proposed

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

State Grid Corperation of China

Gansu

Sichuan

Western Mongolia-Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei

蒙西-京津冀（库布齐-雄安）±800kV特高压直流输电线路工程

（库布其北—沧州±800kV 特高压直流输电工程）

proposed

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

699.7

State Grid Corperation of China

Inner Mongolia

Hebei

Ningxia-Hunan

宁夏-湖南±800千伏直流特高压外送工程

construction

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1634

28.1

2023-05-24

State Grid Corperation of China

Ningxia

Hunan

Shaanxi-Anhui

陕西-安徽±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

construction

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1070

20.5

2024-02-22

State Grid Corperation of China

Shaanxi

Anhui

Datong-Huailai-Tianjin South

大同-怀来-天津南特高压交流工程

construction

2027

1000 kV Ultra-AC

771.9

2

22.5

2024-09

State Grid Corperation of China

Shanxi

Tianjin

Jinshang-Hubei

金上-湖北±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

金湖特高压

construction

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

1784

33.5

2022

State Grid Corperation of China

Sichuan

Hubei

Tibet Southeast-Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao

藏东南-粤港澳大湾区±800千伏特高压直流输电工

藏玉直流

proposed

±800 kV Ultra-DC

54.9

China Southern Power Grid 51%, State Grid 49%

Tibet

Guangdong

Hami North-Chongqing

哈密—重庆±800千伏特高压直流输电工程

哈重特高压，“疆电外送”第三条直流通道

construction

2025

8000

±800 kV Ultra-DC

2290

28.1

2023-07

State Grid Corperation of China

Xinjiang

Chongqing

Articles and resources

Table 4: Under construction proposed and announced.