Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline

From Global Energy Monitor
This article is part of the Global Fossil Infrastructure Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor.
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Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline is an operating natural gas pipeline comprising three parallel lines, A, B, and C, as well as an additional line D in construction.[1]

Location (Lines A,B,C)

The three parallel pipelines run from Saman-Depe on the Turkmenistan/Uzbekistan border east to Olot, Shymkent, and Alataw Pass to Horgos, Xinjiang Province, China.

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Project Details (Lines A-C)

  • Operator: PipeChina; Türkmengaz; Uzbekneftegas; KazMunayGas
  • Parent Company: In China: Line A: PipeChina; Line B: PipeChina; Line C: PipeChina 52%, Baosteel 16%, China NCSSF 16%; China Urban Infrastructure Fund 16%
  • Current Capacity: Line A - 15 billion cubic meters per annum (BCM/Y), Line B - 15 BCM/Y, Line C - 25 billion BCM/Y[2]
  • Length: 1,833 kilometers for each line, for a total of 5,499 kilometers (3416.9 miles)
  • Diameter: Line A: 1,067 mm (42 inches), Line B: 1,067 mm (42 inches), Line C: 1,219 mm (48 inches)[3]
  • Status: Lines A, B, C: Operating[2]
  • Financing: US$11 billion in loans from China Development Bank and Bank of China[4]
  • Start Year: Line A 2009, Line B 2010, Line C 2014

Project Details (Line D)

  • Operator: China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC); China National Petroleum Corporation;
  • Parent Company: Türkmengaz; Uzbekneftegas; KazMunayGas
  • Current Capacity: 30 billion cubic meters per year
  • Length: 1,000 kilometers (621 miles)[5]
  • Status: Construction suspended[2]
  • Start Year: 2022[2]

Background

The initial proposal for Central Asia–China gas pipeline was presented as the Kazakhstan–China gas pipeline, which was to follow along the Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline. In June 2003, during China's President Hu Jintao's visit to Kazakhstan, agreements to expedite the appraisal of the project were signed.[6] Following these agreements, KazMunayGas and PetroChina started a feasibility study of the pipeline project. At the same time China continued negotiations with other Central Asian countries.

On 3 April 2006, China and Turkmenistan signed a framework agreement for pipeline construction and long-term gas supply.[7] In June 2007, during his visit to China, Turkmeni President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow signed an accord to speed up implementation of the Turkmeni-Chinese gas pipeline project.[8] On 30 April 2007, Uzbekistan and China signed an agreement on the construction and exploitation of the pipeline's Uzbekistan section.[9] In July 2007, it was formally announced that Turkmenistan will join original Kazakhstan-China pipeline project.[10] On 8 November 2007, Kazakhstan's oil company KazMunayGas signed an agreement with the China National Petroleum Corporation on principles of future work on the pipeline.[11]

On 30 August 2007, the construction of the 188-km (117-mi) long Turkmen section of the pipeline began. This section was built by Stroytransgaz, a subsidiary of Gazprom.[12] Main contractors were China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau, China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation, and Zeromax.[13] Construction of the Uzbek section started on 30 June 2008.[13][14] It was built by Asia Trans Gas, a joint venture of Uzbekneftegas and China National Petroleum Corporation.[15] Construction works of the Kazakh section started on 9 July 2008 and the first stage was finished in July 2009. It was built by Asian Gas Pipeline company, a joint venture of CNPC and KazMunayGas. The main contractors of this section were KazStroyService and China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation.[16] The first of the two initial parallel lines were completed in early November 2009.[17]

The Kazakh section of the pipeline was inaugurated on 12 December 2009 during Chinese president Hu Jintao's visit to Kazakhstan.[18] The whole pipeline was inaugurated on 14 December 2009 in a ceremony in Saman-Depe during Hu Jintao's visit to Turkmenistan with the leaders of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.[19] On 13 June 2010 China and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on a branch line from Western Kazakhstan.[20]

The second line was completed by the end of 2010. Construction of the third line began in 2012.[21] It became operational on 15 June 2014, and is expected to reach the designed throughput of 25 billion cubic meters per annum (880×109 cu ft/a) in December 2015. The construction of a fourth line of the pipeline is expected to be launched at the end of 2014.[22]

Technical features

The whole pipeline is about 1,833 km (1,139 mi) long, of which 188 km (117 mi) are in Turkmenistan and 530 km (330 mi) are in Uzbekistan.[17][18] The diameter of the pipeline is 1,067 millimeters (42.0 in).[16] The pipeline consists of three parallel lines, known as lines A, B, and C, with combined total capacity of 55 billion cubic meters per annum (1.9×1012 cu ft/a) which would be reached by 2015.[22] Construction of the first line cost US$7.3 billion.[23]

Line A is 1,833-km (1,139mi) in length and was inaugurated in December 2009.[23] Line A is owned and operated by CNPC.

Line B is 1,833-km (1,139mi) in length and was inaugurated in October 2010.[23] Line B is owned and operated by CNPC.

Line C is the Uzbekistan portion of the pipeline, and is 530 km (330 mi) in length and runs parallel to lines A and B. Line C hasa capacity of 25bcm annually and will increase the total transmission capacity of the Central Asia-China pipeline to 55bcm annually.[23] Line C is owned by CNPC 52%, Baosteel (16%), China NCSSF (16%) and China Urban Infrastructure Fund (16%).[24]

Route

The pipeline starts in Saman-Depe carrying natural gas from the Bagtyýarlyk gas fields on the right bank of Amu Darya in Turkmenistan. It is mainly supplied from Ýolöten Gas Field and Sag Kenar fields.[25] The pipeline enters Uzbekistan in Olot and runs across Uzbekistan to southern Kazakhstan parallel to the existing Bukhara–Tashkent–Bishkek–Almaty pipeline.[8] The pipeline crosses the Kazakhstan–China border at Horgos, where it is connected to the West-East Gas Pipeline 2.[26][27]

In Shymkent, the pipeline will be linked with the 1,400-km (830-mi) branch line from Beyneu in western Kazakhstan.[20][28] It will supply natural gas from the Karachaganak Field, Tengiz Field and Kashagan Field.[29] The branch line will have a capacity of 15 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year.[28][30] It will be commissioned in 2014.[28]

Line D Location

The expansion will run from Turkmenistan’s gas fields to the Chinese border through Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Line D Background

In January 2018 it was announced that construction had begun on Line D of the pipeline.[5] It is also reported that construction began in 2014.[2] Line D would be 1,000 km (621 mi) in length and would carry an additional 30 bcm of gas a year from Turkmenistan’s gas fields to Chinese border through Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Construction is expected to be complete by 2020.[5] In Tajikistan, the gas pipeline will run through Tursunzoda, Shahrinav, Hisor, Roudaki, Vahdat, Fayzobod, Nourobod, Rasht and Lakhsh (formerly Jirgatol) to Kyrgyzstan’s border.[5] Line D would be operated by Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd (Trans-Asia Gas), a subsidiary of CNPC, and Tojiktransgaz.[5] In January 2020, it was reported that construction was suspended but that the pipeline was expected to be completed by 2022.[2]

Financing

Initial financing for the pipeline of US$11 billion in loans was provided in November 2008 by China Development Bank and Bank of China.[4]

Articles and resources

References

  1. ↑ Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline, Wikipedia, accessed March 2018
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Michael Bradshaw and Alec Waterworth, "China’s dash for gas: local challenges and global consequences," Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol 61, 2020, Issue 3, page 20
  3. ↑ "Flow of natural gas from Central Asia," CNPC, accessed October 2020
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline Financing (3666KM)," IJGlobal, accessed Oct. 26, 2020
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Construction of Tajik section of Turkmenistan-China gas pipeline starts, says Tajik official, Asia-Plus, Jan. 31, 2018
  6. ↑ "China, Kazakhstan Discuss Cross-border Gas Pipeline". China Daily. 2004-08-25. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
  7. ↑ Daniel Kimmage (2006-04-10). "Central Asia: Turkmenistan-China Pipeline Project Has Far-Reaching Implications". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Analysis: Turkmen Gas Deal Extends Chinese Influence". BBC Monitoring Central Asia. Downstream Today. 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
  9. ↑ "Uzbekistan and China to build gas pipeline". Caucaz.com. 2007-05-01. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
  10. ↑ "Turkmenistan to join China, Kazakhstan pipeline project – KazMunaiGas EP CEO". Forbes. Thomson Financial. 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
  11. ↑ Maria Golovnina (2007-11-08). "Kazakhstan, China agree to press ahead with pipeline". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  12. ↑ Marat Gurt (2008-02-19). "Russian company wins Turkmen China pipeline tender". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Kazakhstan: Workers Complete Section of Turkmenistan-China Pipeline". Eurasianet. 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
  14. ↑ "Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline To Start Service Next Year". Asiaport Daily News. Downstream Today. 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  15. ↑ "Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline, Turkmenistan to China". hydrocarbons-technology.com. hydrocarbons-technology.com. 2013-09-25. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Construction cost of Kazakhstan to China gas pipeline increases". Steel Guru. 13 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2009. Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "CNPC To Build Phase II Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline". Downstream Today. Xinhua. 2009-11-12. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Nurshayeva, Raushan; Zhumatov, Shamil (2009-12-12). "China's Hu boosts energy ties with Central Asia". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
  19. ↑ Gurt, Marat (2009-12-14). "China extends influence into C.Asia with pipeline". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Wan Zhihong (2010-06-14). "China, Kazakhstan sign new gas pipeline deal". China Daily. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  21. ↑ "Construction on third line begins for Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline". Pipelines International. March 2012. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "China, Central Asian countries open 3rd gas line". Business Recorder. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-20.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline, Turkmenistan to China, Hydrocarbons Technology, accessed March 2018
  24. ↑ CNPC secures domestic partners to fund China's Third West-East gas pipeline, S&P Global Platts, May 31, 2012
  25. ↑ "Turkmenistan's Producers – The Gas Sector". APS Review Gas Market Trends. 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  26. ↑ "2nd West-East gas pipeline project in construction". People's Daily. 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
  27. ↑ Sharip, Farkhad (2007-12-21). "China secures new access to Kazakh oil". Eurasia Daily Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Watkins, Eric (2010-06-18). "China, Kazakhstan sign accords for gas, uranium". Oil % Gas Journal. PennWell Corporation. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  29. ↑ "CNPC, JV Partner to Build 2nd Phase of China-Kazakh Pipeline". Asia Pulse. Downstream Today. 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  30. ↑ Franz, Paris (2010-06-13). "China, Kazakhstan agree deals on gas, nuclear energy". DigitalJournal.com. Retrieved 2010-06-20.

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External resources

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