Zmiivska power station

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Zmiivska power station (Зміївська ТЕС, Змиевская ТЭС) is an operating power station of at least 370-megawatts (MW) in Komsomolske, Zmiiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine with multiple units, some of which are not currently operating.

Location

Table 1: Project-level location details

Plant name	Location	Coordinates (WGS 84)
Zmiivska power station	Komsomolske, Zmiiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine	49.586013, 36.523875 (exact)

The map below shows the exact location of the power station.

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Unit-level coordinates (WGS 84):

• Unit 1, Unit 1, Unit 10, Unit 10, Unit 2, Unit 2, Unit 3, Unit 3, Unit 4, Unit 4, Unit 5, Unit 5, Unit 6, Unit 6, Unit 7, Unit 7, Unit 8R, Unit 8R, Unit 9, Unit 9: 49.586013, 36.523875

Project Details

Table 2: Unit-level details

Unit name	Status	Fuel(s)	Capacity (MW)	Technology	CHP	Start year	Retired year
Unit 1	operating	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1960	–
Unit 1	operating	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1960	–
Unit 10	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	275	supercritical	–	1969	–
Unit 10	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	275	supercritical	–	1969	–
Unit 2	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1961	–
Unit 2	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1961	–
Unit 3	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1962	–
Unit 3	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1962	–
Unit 4	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1963	–
Unit 4	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1963	–
Unit 5	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1964	–
Unit 5	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1964	–
Unit 6	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1966	–
Unit 6	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	185	subcritical	–	1966	–
Unit 7	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	285	subcritical	–	1966	–
Unit 7	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	285	subcritical	–	1966	–
Unit 8R	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	325	subcritical	–	1965	–
Unit 8R	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	325	subcritical	–	1965	–
Unit 9	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	275	subcritical	–	1969	–
Unit 9	mothballed	coal - bituminous, fossil gas - natural gas	275	subcritical	–	1969	–

CHP is an abbreviation for Combined Heat and Power. It is a technology that produces electricity and thermal energy at high efficiencies. Coal units track this information in the Captive Use section when known.

Table 3: Unit-level ownership and operator details

Unit name	Owner
Unit 1	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 1	–
Unit 10	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 10	–
Unit 2	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 2	–
Unit 3	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 3	–
Unit 4	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 4	–
Unit 5	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 5	–
Unit 6	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 6	–
Unit 7	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 7	–
Unit 8R	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 8R	–
Unit 9	Centrenergo PJSC [100.0%]
Unit 9	–

Background

The power plant is owned by Centrenergo, which in turn is controlled by the State Property Fund of Ukraine. In 2021, Centrenergo was being considered for privatization and the auction was planned for 2022. However, observers were sceptical that the sale would be successful, given that Centrenergo frequently operates at a loss, and that a previous privatization effort in 2019 only attracted a single bidder. As of the end of 2023, privatization has not happened.

Zmiivska power station is a ten-unit coal-fired power plant. It was completed between 1960 and 1969. Units 1-6 had an original design capacity of 200 MW each, and units 7-10 were built with 300 MW of capacity each. In 1991, each power unit was de-rated by 25 MW due to the deterioration of fuel quality - Units 1-6 to 175 MW, and Units 7-10 to 275 MW.

In 2005 the reconstruction of Unit 8 at Zmiivska was completed. The reconstruction project was implemented and financed by a consortium of western companies and banks, mainly German, and headed by the company Siemens. As a result of the rehabilitation the installed capacity of the unit increased to 325 MW, raising total capacity of the station to 2,200 MW.

In 2017, Unit 2 of the power station was converted from anthracite coal, which is mined in Ukraine's disputed territory, to grade G coal, which is mined in Ukraine.

News reports from 2020 stated that the power station had 2,270 MW of installed capacity. As of January 2022, the Ukrainian version of Centrenergo website also listed 2,270 MW of capacity.

In February 2022, just prior to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, only one unit of out ten was operating; one was mothballed, one - under repairs; and the remaining seven did no have sufficient coal supply to operate. It was unclear which unit exactly remained operational at that time.

War in Ukraine

The plant suffered from Russian shelling in September 2022, 4 workers died and 3 were injured. In November 2022 the plant was not working due to Russian shelling, leaving 14,000 of residents without heating. Before the war the plant worked on coal, but was forced to switch to gas due to coal supply issues.

On December 6th, 2022 it was reported that the plant started supplying heat to the village of Slobazhanskoye. It therefore appeared that the plant is working in some capacity, most likely with just one unit as it was in February 2022.

Russian forces hit fuel oil storage facility at Zmiivska in May 2023. In an interview from May 2023, the general director of Centrenergo stated that he regularly visits the Zmiivska power station which has suffered significant destruction and continues to have constant alarms and shelling. As of June 2023 it appeared that the plant was working in some capacity.

In August 2023, reports indicated that Centrenergo had successfully completed 70% of the work to enhance the Zmiivka station's defense against potential threats, including protection from rocket fragments, indirect UAV attacks, and other forms of damage. This was achieved by installing artificial protective structures around critical elements of the plant's facilities. The company was actively increasing its coal stockpiles in the plant's warehouses and was on track to meet the targets set by the Ministry of Energy by October 2023. Centrenergo continued to rely on the state-owned enterprise "Ukrvugilya" as its primary coal supplier. Additionally, it was planned to simultaneously use gas for the production of electricity with the supply guaranteed by GK Naftogaz Trading LLC until the end of the heating season and to resume the use of domestic fuel oil to reduce the costs.

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including interactive maps of the power stations, downloadable datases, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker and the Global Oil and Gas Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.