Brayton Point power station
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Brayton Point power station is a retired power station in Somerset, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States.
Location
Table 1: Project-level location details
| Plant name | Location | Coordinates (WGS 84) |
|---|---|---|
| Brayton Point power station | Somerset, Bristol, Massachusetts, United States | 41.7115, -71.192847 (exact) |
Unit-level coordinates (WGS 84):
- Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3: 41.7115, -71.192847
Project Details
Table 2: Unit-level details
| Unit name | Status | Fuel(s) | Capacity (MW) | Technology | Start year | Retired year | Emergency/Backup |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | Retired | coal: bituminous | 241 | subcritical | 1963 | 2017 | False |
| Unit 2 | Retired | coal: bituminous | 241 | subcritical | 1964 | 2017 | False |
| Unit 3 | Retired | coal: bituminous | 642.6 | supercritical | 1969 | 2017 | False |
Table 3: Unit-level ownership and operator details
| Unit name | Owner | Parent |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | Dynegy Inc [100%] | Dynegy Inc [100.0%] |
| Unit 2 | Dynegy Inc [100%] | Dynegy Inc [100.0%] |
| Unit 3 | Dynegy Inc [100%] | Dynegy Inc [100.0%] |
Ownership Tree
This ownership tree is part of the Global Energy Ownership Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor.
Background
Brayton Point power station began operating in the 1960s.[1] In 2005, Brayton Point was purchased from PG&E by Dominion.[2][3] Brayton Point was the largest coal-fired power plant in New England, generating 1,600 MW each year, or approximately one-fifth of Massachusetts’ electricity.[4][5] There were four energy-generating units: three generating units could burn coal or natural gas, and the fourth unit could burn oil or natural gas.[4][6] Every three days, the plant burned 40,000 tons of coal, which arrived by barge every four days.[6]
In March 2007, Dominion set up a 175-foot-tall meteorological tower to test wind speeds and determine the viability of setting up a wind turbine at the plant. Boreal Renewable Energy Development of Arlington, MA, constructed the tower.[7]
In 2013, Energy Capital Partners (ECP) purchased the plant from Dominion.[8] In February 2017, the plant was acquired by Dynegy.[9]
Unit Retirement
In October 2013, Energy Capital Partners (ECP) filed papers indicating that the plant was slated to retire in May 2017.[10] ECP, a private equity firm, had failed to secure an agreement with ISO New England, operator of the state power grid. The closure decision came months after ECP had agreed to pay the Virginia-based Dominion $650 million for Brayton Point and two power plants in Illinois.[9]
On June 1, 2017, all three coal units of the power station were retired by new owner Dynegy.[9]
In November 2017, Dynegy reached an agreement to sell the shuttered Brayton plant to Commercial Development Co. (CDC) for an undisclosed sum. CDC reportedly planned to turn the retired coal plant into an industrial port and staging area for the offshore wind power industry.[11]
In February 2022, Prysmian — an Italian company — agreed to purchase nearly 50 acres at Brayton Point to develop a manufacturing facility for offshore wind cables.[12] In January 2025, Prysmian announced they would not proceed with the land purchase and were abandoning the manufacturing facility project.[13]
Emissions Data
- 2006 CO2 Emissions: 6,756,448 tons
- 2006 SO2 Emissions: 25,776 tons
- 2006 SO2 Emissions per MWh:
- 2006 NOx Emissions: 6,209 tons
- 2005 Mercury Emissions: 148 lb.
In 2007, Brayton Point was the number one point-source polluter in Massachusetts. The plant was the source of 1.7 million pounds of the 26.7 million total pounds of chemicals released in Massachusetts during 2007.[14]
Clean Air Act violations
On April 1, 2013, Dominion agreed to pay a $3.4 million civil penalty and spend $9.75 million on environmental mitigation projects to resolve Clean Air Act violations at coal-fired power plants in three states. The affected power plants are the Kincaid Generating Station in Kincaid, Illinois, the State Line Plant in State Line, Indiana, and the Brayton Point Station in Somerset, Massachusetts. Under the settlement, Dominion must install or upgrade pollution control technology on two plants, and permanently retire the State Line plant. The EPA said the settlement will result in reductions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter by more than 70,000 tons per year.[15]
Impacts on Water
Mount Hope Bay and permit battle
The Brayton Point coal-fired power plant was located off Mount Hope Bay, at the mouth of the Taunton River. Mount Hope Bay feeds into the larger Narragansett Bay, and “is a designated estuary of national significance under the federal Clean Water Act.”[16]
When Brayton Point power station opened in the 1960s, the plant ran three open-cycle cooling units, which would run waste water through once. In July 1984, one closed-cycle unit was converted to open-cycle. This increased the amount of water withdrawn from the bay for cooling by 45%. The water taken from the Bay "contains billions of fish eggs, larvae, and juveniles, most or all of which are destroyed when they are pulled into the facility and subjected to severe physical and chemical impacts as well as extreme water temperatures." In addition, waste water discharged by Brayton Point power station into the Bay is up to 30 degrees F warmer than the Bay's water.[17]
According to the EPA, populations of fish in Mount Hope Bay began to decline in the early 1970s. Declines accelerated after 1984, coinciding with the change in Brayton Point's water cooling system.[17] As of 2002, the station's discharge included "once-through cooling water, metal cleaning waste, low volume waste such as boiler blowdown waste and water treatment wastes, and intake screen sluice water.” [18]
On January 15, 1998, the station's owners, New England Power Company, applied to the Environmental Protection Agency to reissue it's water permit.[18] The EPA's New England office and Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MA DEP) issued a draft water discharge permit for the plant in July 2002.[17] The permit required the station to greatly reduce the amount of water withdrawn from the bay and the temperature of discharged water after use. The plant was allowed to take 56 million gallons of water per day from the Bay, down from 1 billion (a decrease of 94%).[17] This would bring the Brayton Point station into accordance with the 1972 Clean Water Act.[19] To meet these goals, Brayton Point was ordered to install closed-cycle water cooling towers in all four of its units, which would recycle the water through the units.[4]
In October 2003, the EPA New England office and MA DEP issued the water permit.[19] In November 2003, plant owners US Gen New England, a subsidiary of PG&E, appealed to the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board. In February 2005, the Appeals Board sided with the EPA.[4][20] That year, PG&E sold the Brayton Point and Salem Harbor power plants to Dominion Energy.[4]
In January 2007, Dominion requested another review from the Appeals Board. On September 28, 2007, the Board denied this request; this decision put the permit into effect.[20]
In October 2007, Dominion appealed to the Fourth Circuit Court and also requested a stay that would put off the EPA's decision, the latter of which was granted for until November 30, 2007.[21] Dominion filed its appeal with the Court of Appeals in Virginia, where the company was based and incorporated.[22] Dominion argued that the water system conversion would cost "hundreds of millions of dollars and have a negative impact on the company’s ability to produce and sell electricity."[21]
In December 2007, Dominion settled with the EPA, dropping all appeals around the water permit and agreeing to cease pumping heated water into Mount Hope Bay. Under the agreement reached between the company and agency, Dominion was required to build two new cooling towers to reduce the power plant's impact on the Bay.[23]
Water Cooling Towers
In order to comply with its updated water permit, Dominion was required to build two 500-foot-tall closed-cycle water cooling towers by 2012.[24]
According to reporting from August 2009, residents of Somerset and surrounding towns had expressed frustrations to Dominion and in a local newspaper about construction of the towers and the towers themselves.[25] In a February 2010 letter to the editor in The Herald News, one resident expressed general concerns about the plant expansion as part of changes in the peninsula, once known for beautiful fields, farms, woods, and beaches. The resident argued the power plant had taken over some of the only remaining open land in the area while continuing to contribute to climate change.[26]
In 2017, the power station was closed,[9] and in 2019, the water cooling towers were demolished.[27]
Drinking water contaminated with carcinogen hexavalent chromium
A report released by EarthJustice and the Sierra Club in early February 2011 stated that there are many health threats associated a toxic cancer-causing chemical found in coal ash waste called hexavalent chromium. The report specifically cited 29 sites in 17 states where the contamination was found. The information was gathered from existing EPA data on coal ash and included locations in Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Massachusetts, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virgina and Wisconsin. In Massachusetts, the Salem Acres coal ash site in Salem and the Brayton Point Station were reported as having high levels of chromium seeping into groundwater.[28]
Coal waste
The Brayton Point power station created 300,000 tons of fly ash per year.[6] Until the 1980’s, fly ash was dumped in a lined landfill owned by National Grid on Brayton Point Road.[29]
In March 2008, erosion from rain and dirt bikes and all-terrain vehicles caused a tear in the lining, resulting in approximately 2,500 pounds of fly ash to wash out into a nearby wetland. Hay bales and plastic silt fences were used to hold fly ash in place until workers with National Grid and the town of Somerset fixed the liner and planted grass.[29][30]
Fly ash sold for concrete production
In 2006, Brayton Point installed a $46 million carbon burn-out unit (CBO) and 40,000 ton storage dome in order to sell fly ash produced at the plant.[31][32] The ash reprocessing began commercial operation on August 11, 2006.[33] The fly ash is bought by Headwaters Resources and used as a substitute for Portland cement in concrete and blended cement.[32] In 2007, 98 percent of Brayton Point’s fly ash was reused.[32] The fly ash is trucked off-site in over 30 vehicles a day.[32]
Coal Dust in Somerset
On more than one occasion, coal dust from the Brayton Point power station has covered the nearby neighborhood of Somerset. The coal dust had been carried from the power plant while deliveries of coal were unloaded from ships on windy days.[34][35] On October 29, 2008, coal dust covered nearby Ripley Street where residents reported having coal dust in their homes despite the windows being closed. A 45,000 ton shipment of coal had reportedly been unloaded overnight.[34]
In November 2009, 36 homes were reportedly covered in coal dust. In a news interview, resident David Gasperini said, "I can clean stuff, but I can't clean our children's lungs, our animals’ lungs and stuff like that. Who knows if 20 or 30 years from now if anybody is going to end up getting any kind of diseases or anything from this stuff." Dominion blamed an extra-dry shipment of coal combined with winds. The company said it would no longer unload coal in winds over 15 miles per hour. Dominion sent insurance adjusters to the affected neighborhood and said they would reimburse the residents for the clean-up.[35]
Greenhouse Gas Initiative and carbon trading
On September 25, 2008, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) held the first mandatory carbon trading auction in the United States.[36] RGGI is a mandatory, market-based agreement among ten northeastern and mid-Atlantic states, including Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont.[37] Thirty-two major power plants in the region were obligated to participate in a series of online carbon dioxide allowances auctions.[36] Of the thirty-two power plants, Brayton Point was the largest.[36] Dominion bought carbon allowances at the September 2008 carbon auction, where prices started at $1.86 per unit (1 unit = 1 pound of CO₂) and averaged at $3.07 per unit.[38]
On May 10, 2007, Dominion Energy Brayton Point submitted an Application for Certification of Greenhouse Gas Credits to the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection for selling processed coal fly ash.[33] Brayton Point was applying to receive greenhouse gas credits for the fly ash used as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete, because, the company argued, using fly ash reduces carbon dioxide emissions that would otherwise be released in the creation of Portland cement.[33]
On November 21, 2008, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection announced its proposal for conditional approval of the greenhouse gas credits.[33] If finalized, credits would be given for the time period starting August 11, 2006, and ending December 31, 2012.[33] Although the request was not made by Brayton Point until May 2007, the credits would start in August 2006 because that was when Brayton Point’s fly ash carbon burn-out unit began commercial operation. Credits would be based on "an estimate of the emissions that would have occurred if Portland cement were used instead of processed coal ash to manufacture concrete."[33]
Dominion Energy Brayton Point claims that "about a ton of greenhouse gas emissions are avoided for every ton of fly ash used in cement production."[39] The Department of Environmental Protection’s (DEP) proposal would give Brayton Point less than half of the credit the company had requested, and would also require a review in 2010 to determine if Brayton Point should continue receiving the credits.[39] The DEP had proposed to give Brayton Point a total of 1,089,345 credits between 2006 and 2012.[33]
The Conservation Law Foundation (CLF) had expressed strong opposition to the proposed approval, because of the difficulty in verifying any actual emissions reductions in this situation. In comments to the MA DEP, Seth Kaplan of CLF wrote: "Bringing one ton of fly ash into the cement feedstock market may or may not displace a ton of Portland cement – and the actual source and greenhouse gas emissions attributable to any displaced Portland cement is literally unknowable. In such a market it is patently absurd to assert that bringing forward one feedstock (fly ash) will have a clear and predictable effect on the use of another feedstock (Portland cement) and therefore will curtail the operation of the production facility that produces that feedstock."[40]
Mayflower Clean Energy Center: Coal gasification plant
On October 2007, Dominion and GreatPoint Energy of Cambridge, MA announced plans for a coal gasification demonstration plant and research center at the Brayton Point power station.[41][42] GreatPoint Energy reportedly raised "$100 million from investors, one of the industry's biggest venture capital rounds ever," a package put together by Citi Alternative Investments, Dow Chemical Co., The AES Corp., and Suncor Energy, Inc..[41][43][44] GreatPoint was expected to use the $100 million for constructing and operating the Brayton Point facility.[44]
Along with coal, GreatPoint Energy’s coal gasification plant was expected to burn petroleum coke and biomass such as wood chips, corn stover, switchgrass, and wood waste.[41][42][45][46] GreatPoint Energy’s gasification process used a proprietary catalyst to break down carbon bonds in coal to create methane gas; GreatPoint also intended to capture at least some pollutant byproducts (such as sulfur, mercury, and nitrogen) to sell to chemical makers.[43][45][46][44] GreatPoint's long-term plan for carbon was reportedly to sequester it, a practice that is expensive and largely untested.[47] The company's alternate plans were to sell the carbon to gas and oil companies; the carbon would be injected into the ground to force the oil and gas out.[47] The gas produced at the pilot plant would be used at Brayton Point station, which could use both coal and gas to produce electricity.[46]
The $37 million project broke ground in February 2008 and began operating in March 2009.[43][48][46][47]
Coal Sources
In 2008, the Brayton Point power station burned 2,316,800 tons of coal, from Colombia, Venezuela, and two sources in the United States. [49]
- Colombia: 1,365,200 tons, or 58.9% of the coal burned in 2008
- Venezuela: 454,680 tons, or 19.6%
- United States: 456,520 tons, or 19.7%
- Logan, West Virginia, United States: 40,400 tons, or 1.7%
According to iLoveMountains.org, Brayton Point purchased some coal from companies who practice mountaintop removal mining (MTR), though did not burn coal directly from MTR mines.[50]
The Colombian coal came from Cerrejón Coal Mine and Pribbenow Coal Mine (la Loma mines). As of 2008, el Cerrejón was the largest open-pit coal mine in the world.[51] Coal imported from Cerrejón to the U.S. was sent to five ports located in Mobile, AL, Jacksonville, FL, Baltimore, MD, Salem, MA, and Somerset, MA. Each of these ports served a major power station.[51] In Salem, MA, the destination was Dominion's Salem Harbor Station, and in Somerset, Dominion's Brayton Point station.
La Loma mine opened in 1985 and was privately-owned by Drummond Coal.[51] Aside from Brayton Point, coal imported to the U.S. from la Loma mine mainly went to the Salem Harbor station (Salem, MA) and a plant in Mobile, AL.[51] Plants in Newburgh, NY, Savannah, GA, and Tampa, FL also received coal from la Loma.[51] Nova Scotia and New Brunswick also imported large amounts of la Loma's coal.[51]
Colombian Coal and Human Rights Violations
Colombia's coal mines, like many industries in the country, are filled with stories of displacement and terror. A number of entire communities in the coalfields have been displaced, including Tabaco, a 700-person Afro-Colombian village that was razed in 2001.[52] People living near the coalfields have faced malnutrition, diseases such as ringworm, and restricted access to land since the large mines opened up.[52]
Protests against Brayton Point
2009: Activists rally against coal in Massachusetts
In solidarity with the Capital Climate Action on March 2, protests were held in Massachusetts at the Dominion's Salem Harbor and Brayton Point plants, NRG's Somerset plant, and Northeast Utilities' Mount Tom plant.[53] In Somerset, seventy-five people rallied in a park within sight of both of the town's coal-fired power plants.[53] In Salem, about forty people rallied and speakers, such as Aviva Chomsky, were featured; the event was organized by HealthLink.[53] Approximately sixty people gathered at the Mount Tom plant in Holyoke.[53]
Citizen Groups
- Assonet Bay Action Committee: A group based in Assonet, MA, where fly ash from Brayton Point was dumped in a landfill. The Assonet Bay Action Committee opposes the development of a 400,000+ square foot shopping area that is planned to be built on top of the closed fly ash landfill.
- Campaign to Clean Up Brayton Point: Based in Westport, MA, the Campaign to Clean Up Brayton Point has been working to get Brayton Point to adhere to stricter environmental regulations.
- Conservation Law Foundation: As the oldest regional environmental advocacy organization in the nation, the Conservation Law Foundation has been involved in efforts to clean up the plant. www.clf.org
- Save the Bay: Save the Bay focuses on education, protection, and restoration projects related to the Narragansett Bay. Based in Providence, RI, the group advocated for stricter restrictions on Brayton Point's water permit.
Articles and Resources
References
- ↑ "A power generation facility in Massachusetts," Energy Capital Partners, archived September 14, 2026
- ↑ "Brayton Point Power Station," Dominion, archived March 27, 2010
- ↑ Kevin O’Connor, "The spirit of a beach community year-round" Herald News, September 18, 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Boston Globe Editorial Staff, "The Brayton Point standoff", Boston Globe, December 17, 2006.
- ↑ "Dominion Resources to reduce water use", Boston Globe, December 21, 2007.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Marc Munroe Dion, "Brayton Point: Reducing emissions prompts mass construction" Herald News, April 26, 2008.
- ↑ Jay Pateakos, "Dominion weighing wind power", Herald News, August 1, 2007.
- ↑ "Energy Capital Partners buys Brayton Point from Dominion," The Herald News, September 2, 2013
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Last coal plant in Massachusetts to close for good June 1," Mass Live, May 24, 2017
- ↑ Steve LeBlanc, "Brayton Point Power Station in Somerset, largest coal-fired plant in New England, to close by 2017," Associated Press at MassLive.com, October 7, 2013
- ↑ "Dynegy strikes deal to sell Brayton Point, once New England's largest coal plant," Utility Dive, Nov 22, 2017
- ↑ “Contract signed for offshore wind facility at Brayton Point, scrap metal business to stay,” 10WJAR, February 17, 2022
- ↑ “Brayton Point loses $300 million offshore wind cable plant development project,” Rhode Island Current, January 17, 2025
- ↑ "Community-specific chemical release data available for Massachusetts- New England continues trend of lower releases to air, land, and water", Environmental Protection Agency Region 1, March 20, 2009.
- ↑ "Dominion Energy Must Pay $14 Million for Air Pollution," ENS, April 1, 2013.
- ↑ “Settlement will spur major environmental improvements at Brayton Point power plant", Environmental Protection Agency website, December 17, 2007.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 “EPA and MA DEP issue new draft permit to reduce environmental damage to Mount Hope Bay from Brayton Point Power Plant", Environmental Protection Agency website, July 22, 2002.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 “Fact Sheet: Draft National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systems (NPDES) permit to discharge waters of the United States", Environmental Protection Agency, accessed January 30, 2009
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Brayton Point Station Power Plant NPDES Permit Fact Sheet", Environmental Protection Agency, October 2003.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Brayton Point loses appeal permit", Herald News, September 29, 2007
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Marc Munroe Dion, “Group takes stand on Brayton appeal", “Herald News", October 31, 2007
- ↑ Marc Munroe Dion, “AG’s office weighs in on Brayton Point appeal", “Herald News", November 6, 2007
- ↑ Grant Welker, “Brayton Point, EPA ink deal", Somerville Journal, December 17, 2007.
- ↑ Grant Welker, “Dominion’s big plans", Herald News, January 22, 2008.
- ↑ Jay Pateakos, "Brayton Point's twin 500-foot cooling towers taking shape," Herald News, August 31, 2009.
- ↑ Mary Lee Griffin, "Letter: Don't let power plant to ruin our well-being", "Herald News", February 6, 2010.
- ↑ "Brayton Point Cooling Towers Imploded," Conservation Law Foundation, April 27, 2019
- ↑ "EPA’s Blind Spot: Hexavalent Chromium in Coal Ash" Earthjustice & Sierra Club, February 1, 2011.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Marc Munroe Dion, "Rough riding tough on landfill" Herald News, March 19, 2008.
- ↑ Marc Munroe Dion, "Landfill erosion being filled-in" Herald News, May 13, 2008.
- ↑ Headwaters Resources, "Brayton Point CBO Fly Ash: Quality, consistency, and reliable supply",
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Marc Munroe Dion, "Brayton Point awarded for its fly ash recycling" Herald News, September 16, 2008
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 "Proposed conditional approval of GHG credit approval", Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, November 21, 2008.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Nancy Krause, "Somerset cars, yards covered in coal", WPRI, October 30, 2008.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Melissa Sardelli, "Coal dust covers Somerset neighborhood", WPRI, November 7, 2009.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Marc Munroe Dion, "Brayton Point to bid at allowances auction" Herald News, July 29, 2008
- ↑ "Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative" website, accessed February 4, 2009.
- ↑ Marc Munroe Dion, "Dominion buys carbon allowances at first-ever auction" Herald News, October 8, 2008.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Beth Daley, "Greenhouse gas credits for region’s largest coal plant", Boston Globe, January 6, 2009.
- ↑ Seth Kaplan, "CLF comments on Brayton GHG credits", Conservation Law Foundation, December 31, 2008.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "GreatPoint to build gasification plant in Somerset", Mass High Tech, October 25, 2007.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Marc Munroe Dion, "Power play", Herald News, October 24, 2007.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Robert Gavin, "Mass. plant will make natural gas from coal", Boston Globe, October 25, 2007]
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 "GreatPoint Energy closes $100 million capital raise co-led by Citi Alternative Investments and Dow Chemical", GreatPoint Energy press release, September 24, 2007.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Boston Globe Editorial Staff, "Getting to Clean Coal", Boston Globe, November 4, 2007.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 Marc Munroe Dion, "Coal gasification project beginning to take shape", Herald News, June 30, 2008.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Martin LaMonica, "Where coal and clean tech meet", Cnet, April 13, 2009.
- ↑ Jay Pateakos, "Plant touts proposed clean energy facility", Herald News, October 26, 2007.
- ↑ "New England power plants that use coal and where the coal comes from", "Appalachian Voices", accessed March 30, 2009.
- ↑ "What's my connection?", ilovemountains.org website, Accessed March 2010.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 Aviva Chomsky, "Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, and the making of a global working class", Duke University Press, 2008.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 Aviva Chomsky, "The dirty story behind local energy", "The Boston Phoenix", October 1, 2007.
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 "Massachusetts rallying to stop coal!", Secure Green Future website, accessed March 23, 2009.
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of coal-fired power stations, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
