JSW Steel Vijayanagar steel plant

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JSW Steel Vijayanagar steel plant, also known as Vijayanagar Works, JVSL, JSW Steel Toranagallu, JSW Karnataka steel plant, is a steel plant in Toranagallu, Sandur, Bellary, Karnataka, India that operates electric arc furnace (EAF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), ironmaking, blast furnace (BF), direct reduced iron (DRI), and steelmaking technology.

Location

The map below shows the exact location of the plant in Toranagallu, Sandur, Bellary, Karnataka, India:

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  • Location: Sandur Taluk, Vijyanagar Post, Bellary, Toranagallu, Karnataka 583275, India
  • Coordinates (WGS 84): 15.180423, 76.663134 (exact)

Background

The JSW Steel Vijayanagar steel plant began operating in 1994 and is the world sixth-largest steel plant. It was expanded in 1999, 2004, 2006, and 2009. According to the JSW Steel website, the plant reuses more than 95% of its process waste.[1]

In 2011, the blast furnaces at the plant were briefly shut down due to the unavailability of iron ore after an iron ore mining scam in Karnataka.[2]

In 2012, three workers were killed with another receiving serious injuries after an accident involving hot iron ore residue.[3]

Expansion

In 2018, original expansion plans were announced it would invest Rs 7,500 crore from then until March 2020 for expansions, in the effort to increase capacity to 18 million tonnes per year.[4]

In 2020, JSW Steel announced that it was planning to establish a new EAF at the Vijayanagar plant, which would be commissioned by March 2021.[5] However, no updates have been published regarding the commissioning of this EAF as of February 2022.

According to 2021 JSW Corporate Presentation, the expansion of the plant capacity from 12 mtpa to 13 mtpa at a cost of INR 380 crore by augmenting existing facilities was ongoing.[6] According to the 2023 JSW Corporate Presentation, debottlenecking of existing facilities completed in FY23 resulted in a capacity expansion of 0.5 mtpa, further 0.5 mtpa expansion through debottlenecking is expected to be completed in FY25. The presentation also mentioned expansion of existing facilities by 1.5 mtpa in FY25.[7]

In January 2022, JSW Steel announced it would invest ₹15,000 crore to expand its Vijayanagar Works Integrated Steel Facility in Ballari, Karnataka, to 18 million tonnes per year by 2024.[8] They began the construction for this expansion later that month as well.[9] This brown-field expansion is being undertaken through JSW Vijayanagar Metallics Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of JSW Steel Ltd.[10][11] It is unclear whether the two BF/BOF expansions they have planned (one 400 ttpa expansion planned for 2022 and another 1500-1800 ttpa expansion planned for 2026) will be part of this plan.

Financing

The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) signed a USD30 million loan for JSW Steel on January 9, 2020 in order to expand JSW Steel Vijayanagar. The funds from JBIC are intended to be used to purchase a wire rod mill from Primetals Technologies Limited.[12]

Decarbonization

JSW Steel has partnered with JSW Energy to set up a 3,800 tpa green hydrogen plant using 25 MW of renewable energy to be supplied to the DRI plant in JSW Steel Vijayanagar steel plant.[13]

JSW Steel Limited and JFE Steel Corporation in July 2024, commenced pilot demonstration of cloud-based Cyber-Physical System technologies for blast furnace operations at JSW Steel Vijayanagar Works. Through this digital project, JSW Steel will leverage data science technologies in a cloud environment to enhance efficiency of its blast furnace operations in the manufacturing of steel and reduce carbon emissions.

JSW Steel Vijayanagar achieved the ResponsibleSteel Certification in 2025.[14][15]

According to the company's FY25 annual report, the company is currently exploring the possibility of integrating hydrogen into the DRI operations at Vijayanagar.[16] JSW Steel is set to commission India’s largest green hydrogen project for steelmaking at Vijayanagar, with an annual capacity of 3,800 tonnes, powered by 25 MW of renewable energy.[16] As of October 2025, the trial runs for green hydrogen project are near complete and its commissioning was expected soon.[17]

Ownership Tree

This ownership tree is part of the Global Energy Ownership Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor.

Low-emissions/green steelmaking

This steel plant is associated with a green steel project tracked in the Green Steel Tracker. Details about the project are included below.

Table 1: Green Steel Project Details

All references for the above data are available in the Green Steel Tracker.
Project 1 Project 2
Project name JSW H-DRI Pilot Karnataka JSW Steel CCUS Vijayanagar
Company JSW Steel Limited JSW Steel Limited
Company has climate goals? Yes Yes
Location Karnataka, India Vijayanagara, India
Project website Not available Site
Project scale Pilot R&D partnership
Project status Operating Announced
Year to be online 2025 –
Technology to be used H-DRI CCU for BF-BOF
Technology details Green electricity electrolysis CycloneCC
Iron production capacity (million tonnes per year) Not applicable Not stated
Steel production capacity (million tonnes per year) 0 Not stated
CO2 capture (million tonnes CO2 per year) Not applicable 0,1
Hydrogen generation capacity (MW) 25 Not stated
Investment size (m USD) 24 Not stated
Actual start year 2025 –
Partners JSW Energy BHP, Carbon Clean
Date of announcement 2/20/2025 10/10/2024

Plant Details

Table 2: General Plant Details

Start date Workforce size Power source Iron ore source Coal source
1994[18] 929[19] JSW Vijayanagar Toranagallu power station; 860MW power plant in Vijaynagar consisting of 2 130MW units in SBU I (2000) and 2 300MW units in SBU II (2009), 76 MW captive power plant. Also recycles 96% of coke oven gas for power generation.[20][18][21][22] Captive mines in Odisha and Karnataka[23] unknown

Table 3: Ownership and Parent Company Information

State-owned entity status Parent company Parent company PermID Parent GEM entity ID Owner Owner company PermID Owner GEM entity ID
Partial JSW Steel Ltd [100.0%] 4295872888 [100.0%] E100001000516 [100.0%] JSW Steel Ltd [100%][24] 4295872888 E100001000516 [100%]

Table 4: Process and Products

Steel product category Steel products Steel sector end users ISO 14001 Responsible steel Main production equipment
semi-finished, finished rolled[24] galvanized, wire rod, bar, cold rolled, special, hot rolled[24] building and infrastructure[25] yes[26] 2028-02-17[27][28] BF; DRI; EAF; BOF; Iron other/unspecified; Steel other/unspecified

Table 5: Plant-level Crude Steel Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

1Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status1 Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking capacity Electric arc furnace steelmaking capacity Other/unspecified steelmaking capacity Nominal crude steel capacity (total)
announced – – 1500[29] 1500[29]
operating 10399[25][30] 1500[31] – 11899[25][30][31]

Table 6: Plant-level Crude Iron Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

1Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status1 Blast furnace capacity Sponge iron/DRI capacity Other/unspecified iron capacity Nominal iron capacity (total)
operating 8500[32][33][25][30] 1200[25][34][35] 1700[30] 11400[32][33][30][35][34][25]
operating pre-retirement 2170[32][30][36] – – 2170[32][30][36]

Table 7: Upstream Products Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

Sinter Coke Pellets
12950[37] 6500[25][30] 9200[37]

Table 8: Actual Plant-level Crude Steel Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BOF production EAF production Total (all routes)
2019 unknown[38] unknown[38] –[38]
2020 8600 1240 9840
2021 9334[23] 1346[23] 10680[23]
2022 9180[39] 1350[39] 10530[39]
2023 9387[40] 1380[40] 10767[40]
2024 10399[26] 1365[26] 11764[26]

Table 9: Actual Plant-level Crude Iron Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BF production DRI production Other/unknown iron production Total (all routes)
2019 unknown unknown unknown –
2020 unknown unknown unknown –
2021 unknown unknown unknown –
2022 unknown unknown unknown –
2023 11196[40] 1104[40] 1564[40] 13864[40]
2024 9710[26] 1092[26] 1547[26] 12349[26]

Unit Details

Table 10: Blast Furnace Details

Unit name Status Construction date Start date Furnace manufacturer and model Current size Current capacity (ttpa) Decarbonization technology Most recent relining
BF 1 operating[25] – 2004[41][32] MECON (Govt. of India)[37][42] 2300.0 m3[36] 2500[30] TRT and Stove waste gas heat recovery system (4MW)[43][44] 2016-02-08[45]
BF 2 operating pre-retirement[46] – 2006[32] MECON (Govt. of India), Daniel Corus[37][42] 1250.0 m3[42] 2170[36][32][30] unknown[43] –
BF 3 operating[25] 2006[47] 2009[48] Primetals Technologies, Siemens VAI Primetals Technologies Blast Furnace Design[37][48][48] 4019.0[49][25] 3000[33][25][32] Trialing waste plastic injection at the unit; TRT and Stove waste gas heat recovery system (12.4 MW)[43][50][44] 2026-06[51]
BF 4 operating[25] – 2011[48] Primetals Technologies, Siemens VAI Primetals Technologies Blast Furnace Design[37][48][48] 4019.0 m3[36] 3000[25][32] TRT and Stove waste gas heat recovery system (12.4 MW)[43][44] –

Table 11: Direct Reduced Iron Furnace Details

Unit name Status Start date Furnace manufacturer and model Furnace type Current capacity (ttpa)
unknown DRI (1) operating[30] 2014[52] Midrex[52] shaft furnace[52] 1200[34][25][35]

Table 12: Direct Reduced Iron Furnace Reductant Details

Unit name Current or initial reductant Gas reductant Current or initial hydrogen reductant color Hydrogen reductant status
unknown DRI (1) gas[53][54] hydrogen[53][54] green[55] capable[56]

Table 13: Electric Arc Furnace Details

Unit name Status Start date Current capacity (ttpa) Current size (tonnes)
unknown EAF (1) operating[57] 2016[58] 1500[31] 150.0[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]

Table 14: Electric Arc Furnace Feedstock Details

Unit name Scrap-based % scrap % DRI % granulated pig iron % other iron
unknown EAF (1) yes[62][63] 8.00[62][63] >0[62] >0[62] 92.00[62]

Table 15: Basic Oxygen Furnace Details

Unit name Status Announced date Start date Furnace manufacturer and model Current capacity (ttpa) Current size
unknown BOF (1) operating[57] 1994[64] 2001[58] SMS Demag LD Converter[37][65] 1333[25][30] 130.0 tonnes[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]
unknown BOF (2) operating[57] – 2004[58] SMS Demag LD Converter[37][65] 1333[25][30] 130.0 tonnes[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]
unknown BOF (3) operating[57] – 2006[58] SMS Demag LD Converter[37][65] 1333[25][30] 130.0 tonnes[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]
unknown BOF (4) operating[57] – 2009[66] SMS Demag LD Converter[37][65] 1600[25][30] 180.0 tonnes[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]
unknown BOF (5) operating[57] – 2009[58] SMS Demag LD converter[37][65] 1600[25][30] 180.0 tonnes[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]
unknown BOF (6) operating[57] – 2011[58] SMS Demag LD Converter[37][65] 1600[25][30] 180.0 tonnes[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]
unknown BOF (7) operating[57] – 2011[58] SMS Demag LD Converter[37][65] 1600[25][30] 180.0 tonnes[59][18][60][34][61][25][35]

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of steel plants, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Iron and Steel Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.

References

  1. ↑ "Vijayanagar Works - Overview". JSW Steel. Retrieved 2022-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ "JSW shuts down 2 blast furnaces in Vijayanagar plant". The Economic Times. 2011-08-03. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  3. ↑ "Three killed in Bellary steel plant accident | Mysuru News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2022-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ↑ Energy World (2018-11-03). "JSW Steel to expand Vijayanagar plant capacity to 18 mn tonnes a year: Sajjan Jindal - ET EnergyWorld". Energy World. Retrieved 2022-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ↑ "Latest Developments in Steelmaking Capacity" (PDF). OECD. 2021. Retrieved 2022-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ↑ "JSW Corporate Presentation" (PDF). JSW Steel. December 2021. Retrieved 12 December, 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ↑ "JSW Steel Corporate Presentation" (PDF). JSW Steel. May 2023. Retrieved 12 December, 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ↑ Livemint (2022-01-07). "JSW Steel to invest ₹15,000 cr expand Vijayanagar facility to 18 MTPA". mint. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  9. ↑ "Steel Minister lays foundation stone for 5 MTPA project at JSW Steel Vijayanagar works". Free Press Journal. 2022-01-07. Retrieved 2022-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ "Steel Minister lays foundation stone for 5 MTPA project at JSW Steel Vijayanagar works". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  11. ↑ Iyengar, Suresh P. (2022-01-07). "JSW Steel to invest ₹15,000 cr in expanding Vijayanagar capacity by 5 mtpa". BusinessLine. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  12. ↑ Loan for JSW Steel Limited in India, Japan Bank for International Cooperation, Retrieved on: May 7, 2020
  13. ↑ "JSW Steel to use green hydrogen for steelmaking at Vijayanagar plant". pv magazine India. 2023-07-28. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  14. ↑ "Certified Sites Directory | ResponsibleSteel". www.responsiblesteel.org. Retrieved 2025-10-22.
  15. ↑ "JSW Steel Receives Responsiblesteel™ Certification Simultaneously for Four Manufacturing Sites". group.jsw.in. Retrieved 2025-10-22.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Annual Report FY24-25" (PDF). JSW Steel. 2025. Retrieved 2025-10-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ↑ "JSW Energy looks to operationalise 5 GWh battery assembly unit in Pune in 3rd quarter, ETManufacturing". manufacturing.economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
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  19. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20211207143423/https://www.jswsteel.in/about-us. Archived from the original on 2021-12-07. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220313164012/https://www.jsw.in/groups/jsw-projects-limited. Archived from the original on 2022-03-13. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220411041249/https://www.jsw.in/energy/jsw-energy-vijaynagar-plant. Archived from the original on 2022-04-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ↑ "Integrated Annual Report FY 2023-24" (PDF). JSW Steel. 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-03-11. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20221030083808/https://www.jsw.in/sites/default/files/assets/industry/steel/IR/Financial%20Performance/Annual%20Reports%20_%20STEEL/JSW%20Steel%20Integrated%20Report%202021-22.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-30. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220111143937/https://www.jsw.in/steel/jsw-steel-facilities. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 25.19 25.20 25.21 25.22 25.23 25.24 25.25 25.26 25.27 25.28 http://environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=06q8VIacOJ6k/TU4rr1vtejKtXw+7m2bS5EY+gZhQCxwbQgA5bVT+4CF0Lrm+XbBmQBbuFi8Jf360z2wnR6KmBVIsJfDGJBVlmXDS+i+c8yfDzdLb1BZH/UVYqvSZfnLgVfAeV65WCurkx1heG2DyOkVfMtLipIlH4MP4kUpJuE=&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg+HAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzXmG8GlihX6H9UP1HygCn3pCkAF2zPFXFQNqA4krKa1Aw==. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 26.7 (PDF) https://www.jswsteel.in/sites/default/files/assets/downloads/steel/IR/Financial%20Performance/Annual%20Reports%20Steel/24-25/Integrated-Annual-Report-FY-2024-25.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ (PDF) https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/653ed7060b01292cd4518d0e/67c8336939619d0e502ebc9d_ResponsibleSteel_JSW%20Steel%20Ltd_Vijayanagar_Certificate_public%20summary%20-%20combined%20(1).pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ "Issued Certificates and Ongoing Audits". www.responsiblesteel.org. Archived from the original on 2025-03-11. Retrieved 2024-11-13. {{cite web}}: Text "ResponsibleSteel" ignored (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20230614200208/https://www.jsw.in/sites/default/files/assets/industry/steel/IR/JSW_Steel_Investor_Presentation/JSW%20Steel_Corporate%20Presentation_May-23_vF-2.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-06-14. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  30. ↑ 30.00 30.01 30.02 30.03 30.04 30.05 30.06 30.07 30.08 30.09 30.10 30.11 30.12 30.13 30.14 30.15 30.16 30.17 (PDF) https://www.jsw.in/sites/default/files/assets/downloads/steel/IR/Environmental%20Clearances/Env%20statement%20FY%2022%20Final.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220629095453/https://www.jswsteel.in/sites/default/files/assets/industry/steel/IR/Share%20Holder's%20Information/Investors%20site%20visit%20to%20Vijayanagar%202022.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-29. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.8 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20221206051431/https://www.nexi.go.jp/environment/info/pdf/19-013_EAR.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-12-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20240905154459/https://www.jsw.in/sites/default/files/assets/downloads/steel/IR/Financial%2520Performance/Annual%2520Reports%2520Steel/jsw-steel-19-20/strategic-growth.html. Archived from the original on 2024-09-05. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 https://web.archive.org/web/20220320173526/https://www.midrex.com/about-midrex/midrex-plants/. Archived from the original on 2022-03-20. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  35. ↑ 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 https://web.archive.org/web/20211215074837/https://www.primetals.com/portfolio/ironmaking/corexr. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 http://environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=06q8VIacOJ6k/TU4rr1vtejKtXw+7m2bS5EY+gZhQCzZoNCdmnow8wfiEOjv6kEw56Hoq/K7DsfhEAzwVYJ0sZ/CT8RkH+IjyWEdkCVg+0w=&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg+HAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzUI4D0y0DyH4SbeEYqwvEmbzJ93uSdf1XR4VVIsqocs0Q==. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ↑ 37.00 37.01 37.02 37.03 37.04 37.05 37.06 37.07 37.08 37.09 37.10 37.11 37.12 https://web.archive.org/web/20240110020507/https://www.jswhotrolledsteel.in/manufacturing/vijayanagar-works.aspx. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240125061008/https://steel.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report-Ministry%20of%20Steel%202020-21.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-25. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240111064236/https://www.jswsteel.in/sites/default/files/assets/industry/steel/IR/press-release-Q4-2023.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 (PDF) https://www.jswsteel.in/jsw-steel-annual-report-2023-24/JSW-Steel-IR24.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  41. ↑ "JSW - BF1 Capital Repair". Scribd. Archived from the original on 2025-07-14. Retrieved 2024-11-29. {{cite web}}: Text "Blast Furnace" ignored (help); Text "Furnace" ignored (help); Text "PDF" ignored (help)
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220525172438/http://www.meconlimited.co.in/Metals/Iron_Making.aspx. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20240905162729/https://www.jsw.in/sites/default/files/assets/downloads/steel/IR/Financial%2520Performance/Annual%2520Reports%2520Steel/jsw-steel-20-21/environment.html. Archived from the original on 2024-09-05. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 (PDF) https://www.jswsteel.in/sites/default/files/assets/downloads/steel/IR/Environmental%20Clearances/JSW-Steel-Vijayanagar-Works-6-Monthly-Ec-Compliance-Oct-24-to-Mar-25.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  45. ↑ https://www.sevenrefractories.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Reference-List_BF_Repair_EXTERNAL.pdf, https://www.metec-tradefair.com/en/Media_News/News/Restart_of_blast_furnace_after_major_reline_project http://environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=06q8VIacOJ6k/TU4rr1vtejKtXw+7m2bS5EY+gZhQCzZoNCdmnow8wfiEOjv6kEw56Hoq/K7DsfhEAzwVYJ0sZ/CT8RkH+IjyWEdkCVg+0w=&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg+HAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzUI4D0y0DyH4SbeEYqwvEmbzJ93uSdf1XR4VVIsqocs0Q==, https://www.sevenrefractories.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Reference-List_BF_Repair_EXTERNAL.pdf, https://www.metec-tradefair.com/en/Media_News/News/Restart_of_blast_furnace_after_major_reline_project. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  46. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220523202124/https://www.jswsteel.in/sites/default/files/assets/industry/steel/IR/JSW_Steel_Investor_Presentation/JSW%20Steel%20-%20Investor%20Presentation%20-%20Feb%202018.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-05-23. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  47. ↑ "JSW Steel Commissions India's Largest Blast Furnace at Vijayanagar". AIST. 2009-02-20. Archived from the original on 2025-03-11. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20210718151818/https://www.primetals.com/fileadmin/user_upload/content/01_portfolio/1_ironmaking/blast-furnace/JSW_TORANAGALLU_-_BLAST_FURNACE_NO3_AND_NO4.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-18. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ↑ "Paul Wurth to upgrade JSW Steel's BF No. 3 at Vijayanagar Works". www.steelorbis.com. 2017-06-12. Archived from the original on 2025-03-07. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  50. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20241008152739/https://furnaces-international.com/news/jsw-steel-successfully-completes-waste-plastic-injection-trials. Archived from the original on 2024-10-08. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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