| This article is part of the Global Coal Mine Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor. |
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Appin Coal Mine is an operating coal mine in Appin, New South Wales, Australia.
Location
Table 1: Project-level location details
| Mine Name | Location | Coordinates (WGS 84) |
|---|---|---|
| Appin Coal Mine | Appin, New South Wales, Australia | -34.211194, 150.792736 (exact) |
The map below shows the exact location of the coal mine:
Project Details
Table 2: Project status
| Status | Status Detail | Opening Year | Closing Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating | – | 1962 | 2041 (planned)[1] |
Table 3: Operation details
| Capacity (Mtpa) | Production (Mtpa) | Year of Production | Mine Type | Mining Method | Mine Size (km2) | Mine Depth (m) | Workforce Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.5[2] | 4.389[3] | 2025[3] | Underground | Longwall[4] | – | 550.0[5] | 1300.0[2] |
Table 4: Coal resources and destination
| Total Reserves (Mt) | Year of Total Reserves Recorded | Total Resources (Mt) | Coalfield | Coal Type | Coal Grade | Primary Consumer/ Destination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 113.0 | – | 774.0 | Southern | Bituminous | Met | Terminal (Export) |
Table 5: Ownership and parent company
| Owner | Parent Company | Headquarters |
|---|---|---|
| Gear M Illawarra Met Coal Pty Ltd(GM-3)[1] | PT Dian Swastatika Sentosa Tbk [54.2%]; M Resources Pty Ltd [30.0%]; small shareholder(s) [15.8%] | Australia |
Table 6: Historical production (unit: million tonnes per annum)
| ROM or Saleable | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROM[4] | 4.0[6] | 1.77[6] | 3.66[7] | 3.56[8] | 4.44[8] | 4.73[9] | 3.8[9] | – | 4.39[3] |
Reported Methane Emissions Data
Global Energy Monitor collates facility-scale methane emissions data reported by government and company sources collected in a systematic fashion. This mine is associated with the following methane emissions reports:
Table 7: Methane emissions
| Reported Coal Mine Methane Emissions (thousand tonnes CO2 equivalent) | Reported Coal Mine Methane Emissions (thousand tonnes CH4) | Year of Reported Coal Mine Methane Emissions | Reported Coal Mine Methane Emissions (thousand tonnes) Reference | Reference type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80.21 | 6657.445 | 2024-25 | [10] | national government data |
Note: The above sections were automatically generated and are based on data from the Global Coal Mine Tracker May 2026 release.
Ownership Tree
This ownership tree is part of the Global Energy Ownership Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor.
Background
The Appin mine is an underground metallurgical coal mine owned and operated by Illawarra Coal, a wholly-owned subsidiary of South32, in Appin, New South Wales, Australia.
It consists of several merged mine sites, including the original Appin Mine (now known as "Appin East Colliery"), the former West Cliff Colliery (now known as "Appin North Colliery"), and the former Tower Colliery (now known as "Appin West Colliery").[11] The original Appin Colliery (now known as "Appin East") is located adjacent to Appin Village, approximately 37 kilometers northwest of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.[11] As of 2023, the mine is owned and operated by Illawarra Coal -- a subsidiary of South32, which in turn, is spun off from BHP, which reverted from BHP Billiton back to BHP in November 2018.[12]
Appin Mine, Cordeaux Colliery, and Dendrobium Mine collectively operate as South32's Illawarra Metallurgical Coal (IMC).[11]
Today, Appin Mine consists of the merged Appin (now known as "Appin East Colliery") and Tower Collieries (now known as "Appin West Colliery").[11]
Coal from these active pits is exported via Port Kembla Coal Terminal, which IMC has a 16.7% ownership interest.[13][14] Once exported, it is sold to North Asia, India, Europe and the emerging market of South East Asia, as well as domestic sales to steel mills.[15]
Appin Mine extracts coal from the Bulli Seam of the Southern Coalfield.[11] In June 2019, Illawara Coal estimated that a 19-year reserve of coal existed at Appin.[16]
In November 2022, PIMS Mining (a PIMS Group subsidiary) was awarded a three-year fixed term contract with South32’s Illawarra Coal Holdings Pty Ltd, for the purpose of continuing to provide supplementary labour, longwall, outbye and coal clearance processes to the Appin coal mine.[17]
In March 2025, it was reported that Mastermyne had been awarded a contract to provide underground mining services at the Appin coal mine. It was stated that the contract covered an initial three-year term with extension options and is expected to create roughly 200 jobs at Appin.[18]
Mine Expansion
In September 2018, the expansion of the Bulli seam was approved which enables the company to open several underground longwall areas and upgrade the existing West Cliffe washery.[19]
Methane Modification Project
In November 2025, approval was granted for a modification at the Bulli Seam Operations coal mine to install and operate a pilot regenerative thermal oxidiser at the Appin Mine ventilation site, designed to capture and break down methane emissions into carbon dioxide and water, which was expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 36,000 tonnes per year once fully implemented. The modification was stated to support environmental benefits and jobs in the Illawarra region while not changing the mine’s coal extraction limits.[20]
Health & Safety
At 11:00pm on July 24, 1979 methane gas exploded underground at the Appin coal mine on the south-west fringe of Sydney, killing 14 men. The mining company was found guilty of negligence during a subsequent inquest.[21]
In June 2017, South32 withdrew the workforce from its Appin mine as a precautionary measure against a gas leak.[22] Workers returned to one of the longwall faces in October that year, but full production didn't resume until 2020.[14]
- Operator: PIMS Mining[23]
- Owner: Illawarra Coal[24]
- Location: Appin, New South Wales, Australia
- GPS Coordinates: -34.211194,150.792736 (exact; mine's main pit)
- Status: Operating
- Production: 4.7 Mtpa (2022)[11]
- Total Resource: 774 million tonnes (2022; Bulli Coal Seam)[25]
- Mineable Reserves: 113 million tonnes (2022; Bulli Coal Seam)[25]
- Coal Type: Hard coking coal (Metallurgical)
- Mine Size:
- Mine Type: Underground, longwall mining[16]
- Mine Depth: 500 m[26]
- Start Year: 1962[11]
- Source of Financing:
Coal Mine Boundaries and Methane Sources
Global Energy Monitor researchers have identified coal mine boundary/boundaries and potential sources of coal mine methane (CMM) for this mine. These research results can be used to drive CMM attribution and mitigation efforts, particularly when combined with remotely sensed methane plume locations and mine ownership data. Explore the results with the embedded map at the top of this page by clicking on the mine boundary polygon or the CMM placemarkers to reveal more details. A detailed description of this research can be found in Coal Mine Boundaries and Methane Sources. This data is also available as a downloadable companion dataset to the Global Coal Mine Tracker and the Global Methane Emitters Tracker.
Table SMP1: Coal mine boundaries and methane sources data
| ID | Mine feature category | Mine feature subcategory | Description | Coordinates precision | Data source date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M0005.B1 | mine boundary | underground | Appin Mine boundary part 1 | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.B2 | mine boundary | underground | Appin Mine boundary part 2 (North Cliff pit top) | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P1 | ventilation system | shaft | Appin Colliery downcast ventilation shaft no.3 | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P2 | ventilation system | shaft | Appin colliery upcast ventilation shaft no. 2 | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P3 | ventilation system | shaft | Bulli Colliery No. 1 ventilation shaft (capped) | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P4 | ventilation system | shaft | Bulli Colliery No. 2 ventilation shaft (capped) | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P5 | ventilation system | shaft | Bulli Colliery No. 3 ventilation shaft (capped) | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P6 | ventilation system | shaft | Bulli Colliery No. 4 ventilation shaft (capped) | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P7 | ventilation system | shaft | Downcast mine ventilation shaft no. 1 | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P8 | ventilation system | shaft | Downcast ventilation shaft no. 7 | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P9 | degasification system | flare | Flares | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P10 | degasification system | flare | Flares | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P11 | degasification system | drainage station | Gas drainage plant | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P12 | degasification system | gas to electric station | Gas to electricity generation plant | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P13 | ventilation system | shaft | North Cliff No. 3 ventilation shaft (capped) | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P14 | ventilation system | shaft | North Cliff No. 4 ventilation shaft (capped) | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P15 | ventilation system | vent | Upcast mine ventilation shaft no. 2 | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P16 | ventilation system | vent | Upcast ventilation shaft no. 8 | extracted | 2023-07-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P17 | degasification system | gas to electric station | gas to electric generation plant | extracted | 2024-03-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P18 | degasification system | drainage station | gas drainage infrastructure | extracted | 2024-03-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P19 | degasification system | drainage station | possible gas drainage infrastructure | extracted | 2024-03-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P20 | ventilation system | shaft | ventilation shaft | extracted | 2024-03-01 00:00:00 |
| M0005.P22 | ventilation system | shaft | ventilation shaft | extracted | 2024-03-01 00:00:00 |
Table SMP2: Coal mine boundaries and methane sources data (continued)
Associated Coal Mine Methane Mitigation Projects
Some coal mines have installed infrastructure which can use and/or destroy some methane emissions associated with mining. In 2024, the Global Methane Initiative reported that this mine had a mitigation project associated with it. This methodology page describes how GEM classified these projects and linked them with coal mines in the Global Coal Mine Tracker.
Table MM1: Methane mitigation projects
| Mitigation Project Name | Project Type | GMI Reported Status | GMI Reported Start Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appin Colliery Flares - Australia | Flaring | Operational | 2012 |
| Appin Tower Colliery Power Generation - Australia | utilization | Operational | 1996 |
| Appin VAM Pilot Project - Australia | VAM destruction | Operational | 2019 |
Methane Plumes Detected Nearby
Global Energy Monitor researchers analyze satellite-detected methane plumes in order to determine whether they have been observed at or near the site of GEM energy assets. The satellite data provider creates imagery of individual methane plumes and estimates their emission rates at the time of observation. GEM has reviewed many of these plume detections against Google Earth imagery and GEM’s own energy infrastructure tracker data. The following table lists methane plumes which are associated with the energy asset or facility based on distance and manual review. (A full description of the analysis process is available in the Global Methane Emitters Tracker methodology wiki page.)
Table M1: Plume details
| Observation date | Satellite data provider | Location of plume origin | Methane emissions rate | Additional plume information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-03-16T04:52:23+00 | CarbonMapper, emi20230316t045223p03007-A | -34.1806, 150.7207[27] | –[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2023-03-16, 1 |
| 2023-06-07T00:28:56+00 | CarbonMapper, 36a2cb84-b691-4234-bda2-3e5f955b785d | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 1863.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2023-06-07, 1 |
| 2023-08-04T00:32:07+00 | CarbonMapper, acdb6118-146a-4385-a341-02c1d97d9c99 | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 2146.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2023-08-04, 1 |
| 2023-08-08T00:35:32+00 | CarbonMapper, 15b9d61b-b3b6-4500-ad41-0b0c5676a27d | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 3146.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2023-08-08, 1 |
| 2023-08-12T00:38:53+00 | CarbonMapper, ac813a52-40b4-4ab3-be0a-700aaaeec39e | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 1420.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2023-08-12, 1 |
| 2023-09-19T02:52:01+00 | CarbonMapper, emi20230919t025201p01006-A | -34.1812, 150.7196[27] | 3790.994 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2023-09-19, 1 |
| 2024-01-13T00:33:03+00 | CarbonMapper, 1881854b-252a-4faf-9c9e-4f055cf395b4 | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 2040.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-01-13, 1 |
| 2024-01-21T00:40:03+00 | CarbonMapper, 102e84c5-6053-458e-9a49-7ac9857baec9 | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 3483.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-01-21, 1 |
| 2024-02-05T00:28:38+00 | CarbonMapper, d43decbc-b7cc-4ab6-8227-5e48fca17d1b | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 542.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-02-05, 1 |
| 2024-02-25T04:11:08+00 | CarbonMapper, emi20240225t041108p03042-A | -34.1814, 150.7205[27] | 8647.954 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-02-25, 1 |
| 2024-04-15T00:42:52+00 | CarbonMapper, 89c305af-81d9-4f2a-9faa-87b810ccf917 | -34.2199, 150.8242[28] | 874.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-04-15, 1 |
| 2024-04-15T00:42:52+00 | CarbonMapper, 341e83f8-ceea-4f87-afe4-4d0adbedb5a0 | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 2787.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-04-15, 2 |
| 2024-04-15T00:42:52+00 | CarbonMapper, 0107f3cb-ff9d-483e-a11a-6e8dba4dd3f2 | -34.2072, 150.7709[28] | 1070.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-04-15, 3 |
| 2024-04-26T00:28:40+00 | CarbonMapper, fb6e39f1-2370-46bf-909b-be4d1a98b783 | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 2524.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-04-26, 1 |
| 2024-09-20T00:39:18+00 | CarbonMapper, d4eb63fb-e655-4781-adc8-d25a51e87c67 | -34.2072, 150.7709[28] | 1523.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-09-20, 1 |
| 2024-09-20T00:39:18+00 | CarbonMapper, 363ed616-a22c-41c9-9ff2-9568dc4fcb01 | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 3570.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-09-20, 2 |
| 2024-09-23T00:23:19+00 | CarbonMapper, emi20240923t002319p15011-A | -34.1811, 150.7203[27] | 3842.622 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-09-23, 1 |
| 2024-10-05T00:24:43+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20241005t002443c00s4001-A | -34.18, 150.7204[27] | 2485.908 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-10-05, 1 |
| 2024-10-05T00:24:43+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20241005t002443c00s4001-C | -34.20790106, 150.7702762[27] | –[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-10-05, 2 |
| 2024-12-13T00:15:05+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20241213t001505c00s4001-B | -34.2075, 150.7707[27] | 3219.396 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-12-13, 1 |
| 2024-12-13T00:15:05+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20241213t001505c00s4001-A | -34.1815, 150.7201[27] | 3752.419 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-12-13, 2 |
| 2024-12-25T00:28:57+00 | CarbonMapper, 5d7b8c35-f2a4-496c-a85f-c25a2bc621ca | -34.2072, 150.7709[28] | 1119.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-12-25, 1 |
| 2024-12-25T00:28:57+00 | CarbonMapper, 4157a31d-922a-4569-9ceb-ea1053c368dd | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 1670.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2024-12-25, 2 |
| 2025-01-04T23:28:16+00 | CarbonMapper, emi20250104t232816p15042-B | -34.2073, 150.771[27] | 3603.892 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-01-04, 1 |
| 2025-01-04T23:28:16+00 | CarbonMapper, emi20250104t232816p15042-A | -34.181, 150.72[27] | 6927.683 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-01-04, 2 |
| 2025-01-21T00:28:31+00 | CarbonMapper, 9417ba61-f19e-4dd8-a84a-a27fc569cd15 | -34.1814, 150.72[28] | 4207.0 kg/hr[28] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-01-21, 1 |
| 2025-04-03T00:32:40+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20250403t003240c00s4001-F | -34.2203, 150.8242[27] | 1771.927 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-04-03, 1 |
| 2025-04-03T00:32:40+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20250403t003240c00s4001-D | -34.208, 150.7714[27] | 3174.726 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-04-03, 2 |
| 2025-04-03T00:32:40+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20250403t003240c00s4001-C | -34.1816, 150.7206[27] | 9135.977 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-04-03, 3 |
| 2025-05-01T00:36:57+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20250501t003657c00s4001-C | -34.2203, 150.8241[27] | 628.3747 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-05-01, 1 |
| 2025-05-01T00:36:57+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20250501t003657c00s4001-B | -34.2069, 150.771[27] | 1138.798 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-05-01, 2 |
| 2025-05-01T00:36:57+00 | CarbonMapper, tan20250501t003657c00s4001-A | -34.1815, 150.7204[27] | 3266.029 kg/hr[27] | New South Wales State Methane Observation 2025-05-01, 3 |
Articles and Resources
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of world coal mines, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Mine Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 (PDF) https://gm3.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Appin-Mine-Annual-Review-FY24-1.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/researchpapers/Documents/Coal-mining-in-NSW-key-statistics.xlsx.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 (PDF) https://gm3.au/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Appin-Mine-Annual-Review-FY25-with-appendices.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 (PDF) https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/operations/illawarra/illawarra-metallurgical-coal-mine/documents/bulli-seam-operations-project/annual-reviews/appin-mine-annual-review-fy23.pdf?sfvrsn=79e12449_1.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://www.illawarracoal.com/minebase/minebase-a-c/69-appin-colliery.html.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 (PDF) https://minedocs.com/20/bulli-seam-operations-project-annual-review-fy2018.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ (PDF) https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/operations/illawarra/appin/reporting-documents/project-approval/annual-reviews/appin-mine-annual-review-fy20.pdf?sfvrsn=61df594_3.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 (PDF) https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/operations/illawarra/appin/reporting-documents/project-approval/annual-reviews/appin-mine-annual-review-fy2021.pdf?sfvrsn=60167ac5_1.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 9.0 9.1 (PDF) https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/operations/illawarra/appin/reporting-documents/project-approval/annual-reviews/appin-mine-annual-review-fy23.pdf?sfvrsn=1665012b_1.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://cer.gov.au/document/baselines-and-emissions-table-2024-25-0.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Appin Mine Annual Review FY2022, South 32 Illawarra Metallurgical Coal, 27 Sept. 2022.
- ↑ BHP Billiton "BHP Billiton entities change names", 21 November 2018.
- ↑ South32, "Illawarra Metallurgical Coal Site Tour", pdf, slide 14, 20 June 2019.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 South32, "Illawarra Metallurgical Coal Site Tour", pdf, slide 8, 20 June 2019.
- ↑ South32, "Illawarra Metallurgical Coal Site Tour", pdf, slide 13, 20 June 2019.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 South32, "Illawarra Metallurgical Coal Site Tour", pdf, slide 4, 20 June 2019.
- ↑ Daniel Gleeson, "PIMS Mining gains more work in NSW coal sector with Appin and Maxwell agreements", International Mining, 22 Nov, 2022.
- ↑ "Mastermyne awarded Appin contract," Australian Mining, March 25, 2025
- ↑ Department of Environment and Energy, "How BHP Billiton's debt decision set South32 free", Australian Government, 20 September 2018.
- ↑ "Major emission reduction technology pilot for Appin coal mine approved," NSW Government, November 28, 2025
- ↑ Nick Rheinberger and Caitlin Dugan, "Appin coal mine explosion still felt 40 years after 14 miners were killed", ABC news, 23 July 2019.
- ↑ Alliance News, "South32 Warns Of "Extended Outage" At Appin Mine In Australia", Morning Star, 10 July 2018.
- ↑ Daniel Gleeson, "PIMS Mining gains more work in NSW coal sector with Appin and Maxwell agreements", International Mining, 22 Nov, 2022.
- ↑ South32, "Illawarra Metallurgical Coal Site Tour", pdf, page 1, 20 June 2019.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 South32 Annual Report 2022, South32, 9 Sept. 2022.
- ↑ Appin Colliery, Illawarra Coal website, accessed September 2020
- ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 27.15 27.16 27.17 27.18 27.19 27.20 27.21 27.22 27.23 27.24 27.25 27.26 27.27 27.28 27.29 27.30 27.31 url=https://data.carbonmapper.org/
- ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 28.22 28.23 28.24 28.25 28.26 28.27 28.28 28.29 28.30 28.31 url=https://methanedata.unep.org/
