Coal Studies

This article is part of the Global Energy Monitor coverage of coal and power industry data

Articles:

Coal Coal mining Coal reserves Global use and production of coal Coal exports (global) Coal terminals Coal-fired power plant capacity and generation Corporate market share of global coal export trade Coal studies Peak coal Foreign ownership of U.S. coal mines

The following is an inventory of studies pertaining to coal and alternatives to coal.

General

• Coal Power in a Warming World: A Sensible Transition to Cleaner Energy Options, Barbara Freese, Steve Clemmer, Alan Nogee, Union of Concerned Scientists, 2008
• Don’t Get Burned: The Risks of Investing in New Coal-Fired Generating Facilities, Synapse Energy Economics, 2008
• The Greenpeace Case Against Coal-Fired Power Generation, 2008
• The True Cost of Coal, Greenpeace, 2008
• Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy, Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform Energy Policy, National Research Council, 2007
• The Dirty Truth About Coal: Why Yesterday's Technology Should Not Be Part of Tomorrow's Energy Future, The Sierra Club Foundation, 2007
• Gambling with Coal: How Future Climate Laws Will Make New Coal Power Plants More Expensive, (PowerPoint), Steve Clemmer, 2007
• The Future of Coal, MIT, 2007
• Gambling with Coal: How Future Climate Laws Will Make New Coal Power Plants More Expensive, Barbara Freese and Steve Clemmer, Union of Concerned Scientists, 2006
• The Electric Power Sector and Climate Change Mitigation, Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 2005
• Cradle to Grave: The Environmental Impacts from Coal, Clean Air Task Force, 2001
• Hoodwinked in the Hothouse: False Solutions to Climate Change, Rising Tide North America

Air Pollution

Acid rain

• Ranajit Sahu, Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) and Its Applicability to TVA’s Shawnee Fossil Plant (SHF), The Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, April 2013.
• Acid Rain Program: 2005 Progress Report, EPA.
• Dispelling the myths of the acid rain story (part II) Don Munton, 7/1/98

All air pollutants

• James K. Boyce and Manuel Pastor, Cooling the Planet, Clearing the Air: Climate Policy, Carbon Pricing, and Co-Benefits, Economics for Equity and the Environment Network (E3), 2012.
• North American Power Plant Air Emissions, North American Commission on Environmental Cooperation, 2011 Report.
• Muller, Nicholas Z., Robert Mendelsohn, and William Nordhaus. Environmental Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy. American Economic Review, 101(5): 1649–75, August 2011.

Carbon Dioxide

• J. Jason West et al., Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health, Nature Climate Change, 2013 - Found that reducing GHG emissions would save millions of lives a year by the end of the century purely as a result of the decrease in air pollution, with the projected health benefits outweighing the costs of cutting carbon pollution.
• Unburnable carbon 2013: Wasted capital and stranded assets, Carbon Tracker Initiative, 2013 - calculated between 60-80% of coal, oil, and gas reserves of publicly listed companies are ‘unburnable’ if the world is not to exceed global warming of 2°C.
• Global 500 Climate Change Report 2013, Carbon Disclosure Project, Sep 2013 - found that just fifty companies are responsible for producing 73 percent of the total carbon emitted by the largest 500 corporations on the planet.
• America’s Dirtiest Power Plants, Environment America Research and Policy Center, September 2013.
• Using the Clean Air Act to Sharply Reduce Carbon Pollution from Existing Power Plants, NRDC, 2012.
• Climate Risks and Carbon Prices: Revising the Social Cost of Carbon Economics for Equity and Environment, 2011 Report
• Getting Warmer: US CO2 Emissions from Power Plants Emissions Rise 5.6% in 2010 Environmental Integrity Project, Feb. 2011
• Courtney Abrams, America's Biggest Polluters: Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Power Plants in 2007, Environment America Research & Policy Center, November 2009
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Generation of Electric Power in the United States, U.S. Energy Information Agency, July 2000
• CARMA - Carbon Monitoring for Action
• Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors by Coal Rank and State of Origin, U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1994
• Methods for calculating CO2 intensity of power generation and consumption: A global perspective Original Research Article, Energy Policy, Volume 39, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 613-627, Wina Graus, Ernst Worrell

Great Lakes and mercury

• Poisoning the Great Lakes: 25 Coal-fired Power Plants Responsible for Half the Region's Mercury Pollution, 2012 NRDC report.
• Mercury Alert: Cleaning up Coal Plants for Healthier Lives Environmental Defense Fund, March 2011
• Dirty Energy's Assault on Our Health: Mercury Environment America, January 2011
• Adult Women's Blood Mercury Concentrations Vary Regionally in USA Environmental Health Perspectives, August 25, 2008.
• Mercury in Fish, Bed Sediment, and Water from Streams Across the United States, 1998–2005, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2009
• Glenn Rice (ScD Candidate) and James K. Hammitt (Director), Economic Valuation of Human Health Benefits of Controlling Mercury Emissions from US Coal-fired Power Plants, Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, February, 2005 (PDF)
• Methymercury exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency informational website
• Catherine O'Neill, Reducing Mercury Emissions From Coal-Fired Power Plants: Yes We Can (And Could Have, Years Ago), Center for Responsive Politics blog, October 26, 2009
• Risky Fishing: Power Plant Mercury Pollution and Illinois Sport Fish Illinois PIRG Education Fund, 2006 Report

Modelling

• Jonathan I. Levy, et al., Using CALPUFF to evaluate the impacts of power plant emissions in Illinois: Model sensitivity and implications, Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002): 1063–1075

Mortality and illness

• County Health Rankings: Mobilizing Action Toward Community Health, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin's Population Health Institute, February 2010
• Coal's Assault on Human Health, Physicians for Social Responsibility, November 2009
• Managing the Health Effects of Climate Change, Lancet and University College London Institute for Global Health Commission, May 2009
• Dirty Air, Dirty Power: Mortality and Health Damage Due to Air Pollution from Power Plants, Conrad G. Schneider, Abt Associates, June 2004, sponsored by Clean Air Task Force; Synopsis

Ozone and increased CO2

• Climate Change and Your Health: Rising Temperatures, Worsening Ozone Pollution Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011
• Mark Z. Jacobson, Enhancement of Local Air Pollution by Urban CO2 Domes, Environmental Science & Technology, 2009

Particulates

• The Toll From Coal: An Updated Assessment of Death and Disease from America’s Dirtiest Energy Source, The Clean Air Task Force, September 2010
• Particulate Matter Research Program, US EPA, July 2004
• Francine Laden, Joel Schwartz, Frank E. Speizer and Douglas W. Dockery, Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2006
• Daniel Krewski et al, Extended Analysis of the American Cancer Society Study of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality, Health Effects Institute, 2009
• Particulate Matter Research Program, US EPA, July 2004

Plant rankings

• Dirty Kilowatts: America’s Most Polluting Power Plants, Environmental Integrity Project, July 2007

Prenatal exposure

• Benefits of Reducing Prenatal Exposure to Coal Burning Pollutants to Children's Neurodevelopment in China The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, July 14, 2008
• Closing Coal-fired Power Plants Improves Cognitive Development of Children, New Study Suggests ScienceDaily, July 15, 2008.

Smokestacks

• Air Quality: Information on Tall Smokestacks and Their Contribution to Interstate Transport of Air Pollution U.S. Government Accountability Office, June 2011

Toxins

• America's Top Power Plant Toxic Air Polluters, Environmental Integrity Project, December 2011.
• Toxic Power: How Power Plants Contaminate Our Air and States NRDC, July 2011
• Toxic Air: The Case for Cleaning Up Coal-fired Power Plants, The American Lung Association, March 2011
• C.B. Szpunar, Air Toxic Emissions from the Combustion of Coal: Identifying and Quantifying Hazardous Air Pollutants from U.S. Coals, U.S. Department of Energy, ANL/EAIS/TM-83, September 1992

Visibility

• Dark Horizons: 10 National Parks Most Threatened by New Coal-Fired Power Plants, National Parks Conservation Association, May, 2008 (PDF)

Alternatives to Coal

General studies

• Renewable Electricity Futures Study, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012.
• Jessica Goad, Christy Goldfuss, and Tom Kenworthy, Using Public Lands for the Public Good: Rebalancing Coal and Renewable Electricity With a Clean Resources Standard, The Center for American Progress, 2012.
• Reclaiming Power: An energy model for people and the planet Friends of the Earth, December 2011
• Carbon Disclosure Project Global 500 Report 2011: Accelerating Low Carbon Growth Carbon Disclosure Project, 2011
• Joel N. Swisher, The Business Case for Integrating Clean Energy Resources to Replace Coal The American Clean Skies Foundation, June 2011
• California's Energy Future - The View to 2050 California Council on Science and Technology, May 2011
• A Clean Northeast: Moving the Northeast Beyond Coal and Toward a Clean Energy Future Sierra Club, March 2011
• What If There is No Climate/Energy Bill? Northwest U.S. Region Would Fare Best Under Transition to Clean Energy Future Civil Society Institute, July 2010
• Beyond Business as Usual: Investigating a Future without Coal and Nuclear Power in the U.S. Civil Society Institute, May 2010
• Picture the Future: Australia – Energy and Water (PTF) Siemens, March 22, 2010
• Antony Froggatt with Mycle Schneider, Systems for change: Nuclear power vs. energy efficiency+renewables? Heinrich Böll Foundation Report, March 2010
• Review of Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security, Mark Z. Jacobson, October 2008
• A Green Energy Alternative for Michigan, NRDC, August 2009

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

• Combined Heat and Power Could Replace up to 100% of Retiring Coal Plant Capacity in States across the Country, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, 2012.
• A Green Energy Alternative for Michigan, NRDC, August 2009
• Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Economy, McKinsey and Company, July 2009
• Costs and Benefits of Electric Utility Energy Efficiency in Massachusetts, Synapse Energy Economics, August 2008
• Energizing Virginia: Efficiency First, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Summit Blue Consulting, ICF International, Synapse Energy Economics, September 19, 2008
• Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: How Much and At What Cost?, McKinsey and Company, December 2007
• Your city council could save the world, Gristmill July 9, 2008
• Meeting the 2030 Challenge Through Building Codes, Architecture 2030, June 20, 2008
• The 2030 Challenge Stimulus Plan: Transition Team Brief, Architecture 2030, December 2008

Geothermal Power

• The Future of Geothermal Energy: Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) on the United States in the 21st Century, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006

Natural Gas

• Christine Shearer, John Bistline, Mason Inman and Steven J Davis, "The effect of natural gas supply on US renewable energy and CO2 emissions," Environmental Research Letters, 24 September 2014
• Michael Lazarus, Kevin Tempest, Per Klevnäs, and Jan Ivar Korsbakken, "NATURAL GAS: GUARDRAILS FOR A POTENTIAL CLIMATE BRIDGE," The New Climate Economy, May 2015

Photovoltaic Power

• An Analysis of the Effects of Residential Photovoltaic Energy Systems on Home Sales Prices in California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, April 2011
• Power from rooftops could replace coal, Gar Lipow, Gristmill, 6/30/08
• The glittering future of solar power, Entropy Production, 5/15/07
• Tracking the Sun: The Installed Cost of Photovoltaics in the U.S. from 1998-2007, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2/09
• UPDATE: EFFECTIVE LOAD CARRYING CAPABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS IN THE UNITED STATES Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, 2010

Solar Thermal Power or Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

• On the Rise: Solar Thermal Power and the Fight Against Global Warming, Environment America, Spring 2008 (PDF file)
• List of Solar Thermal Power Stations, Wikipedia
• Schott White paper on Solar Thermal Plant Technology
• The Solar Project, Wikipedia
• Solar Vision Study US DOE, 2010

Wind power

• Bill Koch: The Dirty Money Behind Cape Wind Opposition Greenpeace, 2010
• 20% Windpwer by 2030, U.S. Department of Energy, March, 2008
• Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, November 2007
• The Long-Term Economic Effects of Wind Versus Mountaintop Removal Coal on Coal River Mountain, West Virginia, Downstream Strategies, December 2008

Cap & Trade

See also: Carbon trading

• Keeping Our Eyes on the Wrong Ball: Why Acid Rain is the Wrong Template and the 1990 CFC-Tax is Closer to the Mark - and Why Cap-and-Trade Won’t Solve the Climate Crisis But Carbon Fees with 100% Rebate Can, Laurie Williams & Allan Zabel, May 4, 2008
• An Open Letter to Congress, Laurie Williams & Allan Zabel, May 4, 2008
• Senate Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Proposals in the 110th Congress, Pew Center on Global Climate Change
• Hoodwinked in the Hothouse: False Solutions to Climate Change, Rising Tide North America
• The Estimated Costs to Households From the Cap-and-Trade Provisions of H.R. 2454, Congressional Budget Office, June 19, 2009

Carbon Capture and Storage

See also: Clean coal

• The Global Status of CCS: 2013 Global CCS Institute, October 2013
• The Global Status of CCS: 2010 Global CCS Institute, March 2011
• A Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Evaluation of the Feasibility of a National Pipeline Infrastructure for the Transport and Storage of Carbon Dioxide DOE, Dec. 2010
• Economics act against CCS retrofits by Didier Favreau, Oil and Gas Journal report, October 4, 2010
• Geologic Storage Formation Classifications: Understanding Its Importance and Impacts on CCS Opportunities in the United States US DOE/National Energy Technology Laboratory, September 2010
• Comparison of Renewable Energy Technologies with Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS), Wuppertal Institute, August 2010
• The Economics of Carbon Capture The Economist's Voice, December 2009
• The Economics of 350: The Benefits and Costs of Climate Stabilization, Economics for Equity and the Environment, October 2009
• Graham Thompson, Burying Carbon Dioxide in Underground Aquifers: Political Folly or Climate Change Fix?, Program on Water Issues, University of Toronto, September 23, 2009
• Retrofitting of Coal-Fired Power Plants for CO2 Emissions Reductions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 23, 2009
• Carbon Capture and Storage: Key Issues and Challenges (conference proceedings) The Edison Foundation, March 3-4, 2008
• Carbon Dioxide Capture From Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants, Department of Energy National Energy Testing Laboratory, DOE/NETL-401/110907, November 2007
• Coal Power in a Warming World: A Sensible Transition to Cleaner Energy Options, Barbara Freese, Steve Clemmer, Alan Nogee, Union of Concerned Scientists, October 15 2008
• Coal Without Carbon: An Investment Plan for Federal Action, Clean Air Task Force, September 2009
• Comparison of Carbon Capture and Storage with Renewable Energy Technologies in the Year 2020 by Way of a Life Cycle and a Cost Assessment, Peter Viebahn et al (PDF file)
• Comparison of carbon capture and storage with renewable energy technologies regarding structural, economic, and ecological aspects in Germany Peter Vieban et al, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control (2007)
• Energy Systems Analysis of CCS Technology, Energy-Economy-Environment Modelling Laboratory, 10/10/07
• False Hope: Why carbon capture and storage won't save the climate, Emily Rochon, Greenpeace, May 2008
• Federal Actions Will Greatly Affect the Viability of Carbon Capture and Storage As a Key Mitigation Option, U.S. Government Accountability Office, September 30, 2008
• A last chance for coal: Making carbon capture and storage a reality August 2008
• No Time Like the Present: NRDC's Answer to MIT's "Future of Coal" Report March 2007
• What Are Current CO2 Capture and Storage Technology Costs? EPRI, Congressional Staff Briefing, May 22, 2008
• Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada, National Energy Technology Laboratory
• Sequestering Carbon Dioxide in a Closed Underground Volume,, M.J. Economides, C.A. Ehlig-Economides, Society of Petroleum Engineers, October 2009
• Permanent carbon dioxide storage in deep-sea sediments, Kurt Zenz House, Daniel Schrag, Charles Harvey, Klaus Lackner, Harvard University, June 27, 2006
• Realistic Costs of Carbon Capture, Mohammed Al-Juaied, Adam Whitmore, Belfer Center at Harvard University, July 2009

Carbon Offsets

• Michael Lazarus and Chelsea Chandler, Coal Power in the CDM: Issues and Options Stockholm Environment Institute, 2011
• Lori Pottinger, Bad Deal for the Planet: Why Carbon Offsets Aren't Working...and How to Create a Fair Global Climate Accord, International Rivers Network, May 2008.
• Carbon Trade Watch, The Carbon Neutral Myth – Offset Indulgences for your Climate, Transnational Institute (Web; Wiki), February, 2007. (Pdf)

Cities

• Global Report on Human Settlements: Cities and Climate Change UN-Habitat, March 2011

Climate Change

• Using the Clean Air Act to Sharply Reduce Carbon Pollution from Existing Power Plants, NRDC, Dec 2012, updated here (2014)
• James K. Boyce and Manuel Pastor, Cooling the Planet, Clearing the Air: Climate Policy, Carbon Pricing, and Co-Benefits, Economics for Equity and the Environment Network (E3), 2012.
• Nick Mabey and Katherine Silverthorne, Degrees of Risk: Defining a Risk Management Framework for Climate Security Third Generation Environmentalism (E3G), February 2011
• U.S. Economic Sensitivity to Weather Variability American Metereological Society, Dec. 2010
• Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows, Beyond 'dangerous' climate change: emission scenarios for a new world, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (2011) 369, 20-44
• Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States Using Existing Federal Authorities and State Action World Resources Institute, July 2010
• The Economics of 350: The Benefits and Costs of Climate Stabilization, Economics for Equity and the Environment, October 2009
• Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States, United States Global Change Research Program, June 2009
• Managing the Health Effects of Climate Change, Lancet and University College London Institute for Global Health Commission, May 2009
• A Climate of Change: African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S, Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative, July 2008
• The Cost of Climate Change: What We'll Pay if Global Warming Continues Unchecked, NRDC May 2008
• Global Warming Solutions that Work: Cutting-Edge Efforts to Curb Global Warming Pollution and the Lessons they Hold for America, Environment America Research and Policy Center, June 2008
• Reframing the climate change challenge in light of post-2000 emission trends, Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 2008
• Target Atmospheric CO₂: Where Should Humanity Aim?, James Hansen et al, Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2008
• Understanding and Responding to Climate Change, 2008 Edition, The National Academies, May 2008
• Hoodwinked in the Hothouse: False Solutions to Climate Change, Rising Tide North America

Coal Combustion Waste

See also Coal waste

• Dump Now, Pay Later: Coal Ash Disposal Risks Facing U.S. Electric Power Producers, RAN, July 2013.
• State of Failure: How
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• EPA’s Blind Spot: Hexavalent Chromium in Coal Ash: Coal ash may be the secret source of cancer-causing chromium in your drinking water EarthJustice Report, February 2011
• Coal Ash: The toxic threat to our health and environment, Barbara Gottlieb et al, Physicians for Social Responsibility and Earthjustice, September 2010
• Out of Control: Mounting Damages From Coal Ash Waste Sites Environmental Integrity Project & Earthjustice, February 2010
• Human and Ecological Risk Assessment of Coal Combustion Wastes submission to the U.S. EPA by RTI 08/07
• Proposal for the Federal Regulation of Coal Combustion Waste joint submission to the U.S. EPA by Earthjustice et al 12/07
• The Impacts on Water Quality From Placement of Coal Combustion Waste In Pennsylvania Coal Clean Air Task Force, Earthjustice 7/07 Fact Sheet
• Water Quality Impacts of Coal Combustion Waste Disposal in Two West Virginia Coal Mines Hansen, Evan and M. Christ. Downstream Strategies, April 2005

Coal Exports

• Leasing Coal, Fueling Climate Change: How the federal coal leasing program undermines President Obama’s Climate Plan, Greenpeace, 2014
• BC’s Dirty Secret: Big Coal and the Export of Global-Warming Pollution Dogwood Initiative, 2011 Report
• Dr. Thomas M. Power, The Greenhouse Gas Impact of Exporting Coal from the West Coast: An Economic Analysis Sightline Daily, July 2011

Coal Imports

• Burning Coal, Burning Cash: Ranking the U.S. States that Import the Most Coal, Union of Concerned Scientists, 2014.

Coal-to-Liquids

• Investor Risks from Development of Oil Shale and Coal-to-Liquids Ceres Report, December 2010

Coal Industry

Coal Industry Planning and Policy Documents

• Opportunities to Expedite the Construction of New Coal-Based Power Plants, National Coal Council, 2004

Coal Moratorium

• Planned Phase Out of Fossil Fuels as Market Pricing Mechanism Accounting for Atmosphere: The Anthropology of Climate Change, 2011 Report
• Near-Term Implications of a Ban on New Coal-Fired power Plants in the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, April 27, 2009

Coal Plant Conversion and Retirement

• Ripe for Retirement: The Case for Closing America's Costliest Coal Plants, Union of Concerned Scientists report, 2012.
• Benefits of Beyond BAU: Human, Social, and Environmental Damages Avoided through the Retirement of the US Coal Fleet Synapse Energy Economics, January 25, 2011
• Impact of EPA Rules on Power Markets, Credit Suisse, September 23, 2010
• Metin Celebi, Potential Coal Plant Retirements Under Emerging Environmental Regulations, The Brattle Group, December 8, 2010
• Ensuring a Clean, Modern Electric Generating Fleet while Maintaining Electric System Reliability, M.J. Bradley & Associates LLC, August 2010
• Coal‐Fired Electric Generation Unit Retirement Analysis, ICF International for The INGAA Foundation & INGAA, May 18, 2010
• Growth from Subtraction, Credit Suisse, September 23, 2010
• Why coal plants retire: power market fundamentals as of 2012, Susan F. Tierney, Analysis, Group, February 16, 2012

Coal Plant Efficiency and CO₂ Intensity

See also: Estimating carbon dioxide emissions from coal plants

• International comparison of fossil power efficiency and CO₂ intensity - Update 2014, Ecofys, 5 September 2014

Coal Reserves and "Peak Coal"

See also: Coal reserves

• Warning: Faulty Reporting of US Coal Reserves, Clean Energy Action, October 2013.
• Richard Heinberg & David Fridley, The end of cheap coal Nature 468, 367–369 (18 November 2010)
• Leslie Glustrom, Coal Supply Constraints: Cheap & Abundant, Or is it?, Clean Energy Action, February 2009.
• James Luppens et al, Assessment of Coal Geology, Resources, and Reserves in the Gillette Coalfield, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1202, 2008
• A supply-driven forecast for the future global coal production (preprint) Mikael Hööka et al
• 2007 Coal Producers Survey, National Mining Association, 2008
• Coal: Resources and Future Production Energy Watch Group 3/07
• Hubbert's Peak, The Coal Question, and Climate Change, Dave Rutledge, October 2007
• The Coal Question and Climate Change, Dave Rutledge (text version posted on Oil Drum blog), June 25, 2007.
• Assessment of Coal Geology, Resources, and Reserves in the Gillette Coalfield, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Luppens, J. A.., Scott, D. C., Haacke, J. E., Osmonson, L. M., Rohrbacher, T. J., and Ellis, M. S., U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1202, 2008 (PDF file)
• Implications of “peak oil” for atmospheric CO2 and climate, Pushker A. Kharecha and James E. Hansen, Global Biochemical Cycles, August 5, 2008
• Peak coal, Wikipedia
• Mikael Höök, Kjell Aleklett, Historical trends in American coal production and a possible future outlook, International Journal of Coal Geology, Volume 78, Issue 3, May 1, 2009, pp 201-216
• Robert C. Milici, Coal-to-Liquids: Potential Impact on U.S. Coal Reserves, Natural Resources Research, Volume 18, Number 2, 85-94, DOI: 10.1007/s11053-009-9093-1
• Gregory D. Croft and Tad W. Patzek, Potential for Coal-to-Liquids Conversion in the U.S.-Resource Base, Natural Resources Research, Volume 18, Number 3, 173-180, DOI: 10.1007/s11053-009-9097-x

IPCC Emission Scenarios and coal

• Future coal production outlooks in the IPCC Emission Scenarios: are they plausible? M. Höök, Energy & Environment, Volume 22, Issue 8, October 2011, Pages 2050-2070

College campuses and coal

• David J. Eagan, Terry Calhoun, Justin Schott and Praween Dayananda, Guide to Climate Action Planning: Pathways to a Low-Carbon Campus National Wildlife Federation, 2008

Energy poverty and access

• All Talk, No Action: The Coal Industry and Energy Poverty," The Australia Institute, November 2014.
• Energy Access: Why coal is not the way out of energy poverty, Carbon Tracker Initiative, November 2014.
• Sunita Dubey and Srinnvas Krishnaswamy, Unpacking the Energy Crisis: Pathways to promoting a paradigm shift in energy policy and direction that can eradicate energy poverty and contribute to gender equality, GroundWork, South Africa & Vasudha Foundation, India, 2012.
• Nicholas Hildyard, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton, Energy Security For Whom? For What? The Corner House, 2012.

Environmental Justice

See also: Environmental justice and coal

• Michelle L. Bell and Keita Ebisu, Environmental Inequality in Exposures to Airborne Particulate Matter Components in the United States, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012.
• U.S. Latinos and Air Pollution, The Natural Resources Defense Council, the National Latino Coalition on Climate Change, the Center for American Progress and the National Wildlife Federation, 2011 Report
• Coal Blooded: Putting Profits Before People in Illinois Adrian Wilson, NAACP, Little Village Environmental Justice Organization (LVEJO), and the Indigenous Environmental Network, 2011.
• International Environmental Justice and Climate Change, Center for Progressive Regulation.
• The Ten Principles of Just Climate Policies in the U.S., Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative.
• Air of Injustice: African Americans and Power Plant Pollution, Clean Air Task Force, 2002
• Environmental Justice and the Green Economy: A Vision Statement and Case Studies for Just and Sustainable Solutions, Communities for a Better Environment, Power U, Alternatives for Community & Environment, Environmental Health Coalition, Kentuckians for the Commonwealth, West Harlem Environmental Action, Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice, Asian Pacific Environmental Network, 2010.

California and Coal

See also: California and coal

• Clearing California’s Coal Shadow from the American West, Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies, Environmental Defense, and Western Resource Advocates, 2005
• Implementation of SB 1368 Emission Performance Standard, Gary Collord, California Energy Commission, November 2006

Exports

See also: Coal exports

• Tom Sanzillo, No Need for New U.S. Coal Ports: Data Shows Oversupply in Capacity, The Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, November 2014.
• Peabody Energy, Gateway Pacific, and the Asian Coal Bubble, Sightline, October 2013.
• Has US Shale Gas Reduced CO2 Emissions? Examining recent changes in emissions from the US power sector and traded fossil fuels, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, October 2012.
• Coal Export FAQ, Sightline Institute, September 2011
• Daniel M. Firger, Carbon Offshoring: The Legal and Regulatory Framework for U.S. Coal Exports Columbia Center for Climate Change Law, July 2011
• Tom Kenworthy and Kate Gordon, Coal-Fired Conflict: Enabling Exports Clouds Environmental, Economic Goals Center for American Progress, April 2011
• Exporting Power River Basin Coal: Risks and Costs, Western Organization of Resource Councils, January, 2011
• U.S. Coal Exports: National and State Economic Contributions, prepared by Ernst and Young for the National Mining Association, May 2013

Externalities

See also: External costs of coal

• The Economic Risks of Climate Change in the US, Risky Business Project, June 2014
• Laurie T. Johnson, Starla Yeh, and Chris Hope, The social cost of carbon: implications for modernizing our electricity system, Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, September 2013.
• Cost of Coal, Sierra Club and Sierra Magazine, 2012.
• Geoff Keith, Sarah Jackson, Alice Napoleon, Tyler Comings, and Jean Ann Ramey, The Hidden Costs of Electricity: Comparing the Hidden Costs of Power Generation Fuels, Civil Society Institute report, September 2012.
• Muller, Nicholas Z., Robert Mendelsohn, and William Nordhaus. Environmental Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy. American Economic Review, 101(5): 1649–75. Also available at https://sites.google.com/site/nickmullershomepage/home/current-cv.
• Dr. Paul Epstein, Mining Coal, Mounting Costs: the Life Cycle Consequences of Coal, Harvard Medical School, February 2011 pamphlet, full text
• The Toll From Coal Clean Air Task Force, September 2010
• Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use, National Academy of Sciences, 2009
• The Hidden Costs of Electricity: Externalities of Power Generation in Australia, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE), March 2009
• Externalities of Energy: Extension of accounting framework and Policy Applications, European Community study, 2005 (PDF file)
• Peter Rafaj and Socrates Kypreos, Internalisation of external cost in the power generation sector: Analysis with Global Multi-regional MARKAL Model, Energy Economics Modelling Group, General Energy Department, Paul Scherrer Institute

Federal coal leasing

• Cutting Subsidies and Closing Loopholes in the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Coal Program, The Center for American Progress, Jan 6, 2015.
• Tom Sanzillo, The Great Giveaway: An Analysis of the United States' Long-Term Trend of Selling Federally-Owned Coal Leases for Less Than Fair Market Value, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis Training, June 2012.
• Jessica Goad, Christy Goldfuss, and Tom Kenworthy, Using Public Lands for the Public Good: Rebalancing Coal and Renewable Electricity With a Clean Resources Standard, The Center for American Progress, 2012.
• Tom Sanzillo, Public Financing: Federal Fair Market Value Coal Leases In The Powder River Basin Are A Public Subsidy, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis Training: Financial Issues and Future of Coal, January 10-11, 2012, TR Rose Associates.
• Undermining the Climate, WildEarth Guardians, 2009.
• Inventory of Assessed Federal Coal Resources and Restrictions to Their Development, U.S. Departments of Energy and Agriculture, August 2007.
• Powder River Basin Coal Leases by Application, Bureau of Land Management.
• Environmental Protection in the Federal Coal Leasing Program, U.S. Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-E-237, May 1984.
• The Federal Coal Leasing Program, US Bureau of Land Management.
• Patterns and Trends in Federal Coal Lease Ownership 1950-80, Office of Technology Assessment, March 1981.

Gender

• Sunita Dubey and Srinnvas Krishnaswamy, Unpacking the Energy Crisis: Pathways to promoting a paradigm shift in energy policy and direction that can eradicate energy poverty and contribute to gender equality," GroundWork, South Africa & Vasudha Foundation, India, 2012.

Health Impacts

• Julia M. Gohlke, Reuben Thomas, Alistair Woodward, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, A. Prüss-Ustün, Simon Hales, and Christopher J. Portier, Estimating the Global Public Health Implications of Electricity and Coal Consumption Environmental Health Perspectives, Feb. 2011

History

• Energy Generating a Culture: Early American Coal Miners and Coal Mining Culture, Yale-New Haven Teacher's Institute

Illinois and coal

• Jeff Stant and Traci Barkley, Illinois at Risk: Lax safeguards and no enforcement endanger the water, air & lives of residents near coal ash dumps Prairie Rivers and Environmental Integrity Project report, August 17, 2011.
• Risky Fishing: Power Plant Mercury Pollution and Illinois Sport Fish Illinois PIRG Education Fund, 2006 Report

Individual Coal Plant Proposals

Jamestown plant

• CO$T OF POWER for Jamestown Board of Public Utilities Electricity Supply Options Proposed Coal-Fired Power Plant Is Most Expensive Option Even with Federal Subsidies, Clean Energy For Jamestown, September 17, 2009. Study concerning Clean Coal Plant Project (Jamestown, New York)

Lahad Datu power station (Sabah, Malaysia)

• Daniel Kammen et al, Clean Energy Options for Sabah an analysis of resource availability and cost, Renewable & Appropriate Energy Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, March 2010

Kosovo project

• Bruce Buckheit, "AFFORDABLE ELECTRICITY FOR KOSOVO? A Review of World Bank Group Cost Estimates For New Lignite-fired Plants in Kosovo," Sierra Club, 2011

Little Gypsy Repowering

• The Mysterious Little Gypsy: An Analysis of Future Costs Associated with Electricity from the Little Gypsy Power Plant and Other Types of Generation, HISTECON Associates, January 2009. Study concerning Louisiana's Little Gypsy Repowering.

Mohave Generating Station

• Southwest Weathers Closure of Mohave Generating Station, Energy Information Administration, June 24, 2009

Navajo Nation plants

• Renewable Energy and Economic Alternatives for the Navajo Nation, Dine C.A.R.E. (Citizens Against Ruining our Environment), September 9, 2008

Pee Dee Generating Facility

• An Assessment of Santee Cooper’s 2008 Resource Planning, David Schlissel, Rachel Wilson, Lucy Johnston, and David White, Synapse Energy Economics, April 22, 2009 (PDF). Study concerning South Carolina's Pee Dee Generating Facility.

Smith Station

• An Analysis of the Economic Impact of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in the East Kentucky Power Cooperative Region, Ochs Center for Metropolitan Studies, July 2009. Study concerning Kentucky's Smith Station.
• The Right Decision for Changing Times: How East Kentucky Power Cooperative Ratepayers Benefit from Canceling Plans for a New Coal Burning Power Plant In Clark County, Tom Sanzillo, TR Rose Associates, April 7, 2009. Study concerning Kentucky's Smith Station.

Surry County Plant (Cypress Creek)

• Cypress Creek Power Plant Modeling: Pollutant Deposition to the Chesapeake Bay and Sensitive Watersheds within the Commonwealth of Virginia, H. Andrew Gray, Ph.D. for Chesapeake Bay Foundation, August 2009. Study concerning Virginia's Surry County Plant.
• The Financial Risks to Old Dominion Electric Cooperative’s Consumer-Members of Building and Operating the Proposed Cypress Creek Power Station, David Schlissel and Lucy Johnston, Synapse Energy Economics, April 22, 2009. Study concerning Virginia's Surry County Plant.

Wise County Plant

• Assessing the Economic Impact of Dominion Virginia Power’s Coal-Fired Power Plant in Wise County, Virginia, Compared to Investments in Energy Efficiency, Abt Associates, March 2009. Study concerning Virginia's Wise County Plant.

International reports

• Global Coal Risk Assessment: Data Analysis and Market Research, World Resources Institute, 2012.
• Locked-in: The Financial Risks of New Coal-fired Power Plants in Today's Volatile International Coal Market, Sierra Club, 2012.

Activism

• Move Beyond Coal: The Global Movement in 2014, Sierra Club, 2014.
• Davis, Rachel and Daniel M. Franks, Costs of Company-Community Conflict in the Extractive Sector, Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Report No. 66. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School.
• Move Beyond Coal, Now! Victories on the Front Lines, Sierra Club, 2012.

Australia and coal

• All talk, no action: the coal industry and energy poverty, The Australia Institute, November 2014
• Lagging Behind: Australia and the Global Response to Climate Change, Climate Council, August 2014

Canada and Coal

• Tim Weis, Kristi Anderson, Benjamin Thibault, Beth Nanni, Farrah Khan, Noah Farber, A Costly Diagnosis: Subsidizing coal power with Albertans' health, Pembina Institute, March 26, 2013

China and coal

See also: China and coal

• The End of China's Coal Boom: 6 Facts You Should Know, Greenpeace, April 2014.
• The Myth of China's Endless Coal Demand: A missing market for US Exports, Greenpeace, 2013.
• Zhuang Guoshun, Shen Xinyi, Zhou Rong, Huang Xu, Wang Ying, Sun Qingwei, Li Yan, and Wei Xing, The True Cost of Coal: Coal Dust Storms: Toxic Wind, 2011 Greenpeace, 2011.
• The True Cost of Coal Commissioned by Greenpeace, WWF, and the Energy Foundation; written by the Unirule Institute of Economics, the Energy Research Institute of the NRDC, et al., September 2008

Europe and coal

• Europe's dirty 30: How the EU's coal-fired power plants are undermining its climate efforts, Climate Action Network Europe, WWF European Policy Office, Health and Environment Alliance, European Environmental Bureau, and Climate Alliance Germany, July 2014.

India and coal

• Coal Kills: Health Impacts of Air Pollution from India's coal power expansion, Conservation Action Trust, December 2014.
• Electricity for All in India: Why Coal is Not Always King, Vasudha Foundation, October 2014.
• Coal India: Running on empty? Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), Sep 23, 2013.
• Conservation Action Trust (CAT), Urban Emissions, and Greenpeace, Coal Kills: An assessment of death and disease caused by India's dirtiest energy source, March 2013.
• Grace Boyle, Jai krishna R, Lauri Myllyvirta, Owen Pascoe, Endangered waters: Impact of coal fired power plants on water supply, Greenpeace India, August 2012.
• No fairy tale: Singrauli, India, still suffering years after World Bank coal investments Bretton Woods Project, November 2011.
• Praveen Bhargav, Biswajit Mohanty, and Rahul Choudhary, Undermining Tadoba’s Tigers: How Chandrapur’s tiger habitat is being destroyed by coal mining" Greenpeace India, November 2011.
• Shripad Dharmadhikary and Shantanu Dixit, Thermal Power Plants on The Anvil: Implications And Need For Rationalisation Prayas Energy Group Report, August, 2011.
• The Rising Sun: A Point of View on the Solar Energy Sector in India KPMG, May 24, 2011.
• Post-Clearance Environmental Impacts and Cost-benefit Analysis of Power Generation in India, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, February 2006
• Environmental impact of coal industry and thermal power plants in India, U.C. Mishra, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Vol. 72, Issues 1-2, 2004, Pages 35-40

Japan and coal

• Bruce C. Buckheit, "Japan's Path to Sustainable Electricity Supply: A Review of Current Japanese Energy Policies," Kiko Network, April 2015

Philippines and coal

• The True Cost of Coal, Volume 1: Costs of Climate Change in the Philippines, Greenpeace Philippines, May 2014
• The True Cost of Coal, Volume 2: Costs of Climate Change in the Philippines, Greenpeace Philippines, July 2014

World Bank coal funding

• Unclear on the Concept: How Can the World Bank Group Lead on Climate Finance without an Energy Strategy? Friends of the Earth et al., Dec. 2011 Report
• The World Bank and Coal Aid Brookings Global View No. 28, Oct. 2011.
• Samuel Grausz, The Social Cost of Coal: Implications for the World Bank Climate Advisers, Oct. 2011.

Jobs

See also: Coal and jobs in the United States

• Profits and Pink Slips: How Big Oil and Gas Companies Are Not Creating U.S. Jobs or Paying Their Fair Share Natural Resources Committee, September 2011.
• A Fraction of the Jobs: A Case Study of the Job Creation Impact of Completed Coal-­‐Fired Power Plants between 2005 and 2009 Ochs Center for Metropolitan Studies report, March 2011.
• An Analysis of the Economic Impact of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in the East Kentucky Power Cooperative Region, Ochs Center for Metropolitan Studies, July 2009.
• Job Opportunities for the Green Economy, Political Economy Research Institute, June 2008 (PDF file)
• Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency: Economic Drivers for the 21st Century, Roger Bezdek, Principal Investigator, Management Information Services, Inc. for the American Solar Energy Society, 2007 (PDF file)

Lifecycle Analysis of Coal-Fired Power Production

• Cost of Coal, Sierra Club and Sierra Magazine, 2012.
• Life Cycle Analysis of Coal-Fired Power Production, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, June 1999

Lobbying

• Who's holding us back?: How carbon-intensive industry is preventing effective climate change legislation. Greenpeace International, November 2011.

Michigan and coal

• Orjiakor N. Isigou, Monica Martinez, and Greg R. White, Report on The Implementation of The P.A. 295 Renewable Energy Standard and the cost-effectiveness of the Energy Standards, Michigan Public Service Commission Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth, Feb. 15, 2011

Mining

Longwall mining

Also see: Longwall mining

• Schmid & Company, Inc., The Increasing Damage from Underground Coal Mining in Pennsylvania: A Review and Analysis of PADEP’s Third Act 54 Report Citizens Coal Council, April 2011
• Schmid & Company, Inc., Protection of Water Resources From Longwall Mining Is Needed in Southwestern Pennsylvania Citizens Coal Council, July 2010
• Longwall Mining, Energy Information Administration, DOE/EIA-TR-0588, March 1995

Mountaintop removal

Also see : Mountaintop removal

• Selenium Trouble at Alpha Natural Resources: Estimating Risk to Investors from Mine Emissions, Rainforest Action Network, Jan. 2013
• Rainforest Action Network and the Sierra Club, Policy and Practice: 2011 Report Card on Banks and Mountaintop Removal 2011 Report Card
• Mountaintop Mining Consequences, Science 8 January 2010: Vol. 327. no. 5962, pp. 148 - 149
• The Long-Term Economic Effects of Wind Versus Mountaintop Removal Coal on Coal River Mountain, West Virginia, Downstream Strategies, December 2008
• Rory McIlmoil and Evan Hansen, The Decline of Central Appalachian Coal and the Need for Economic Diversification, Downstream Strategies, January 2010

Reclamation

Also see: Coal mine reclamation and Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act

• Harris Epstein, Johanna Wald, John Smillie, Undermined Promise: Reclamation and Enforcement of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act 1977-2007, Natural Resources Defense Council and Western Organization of Resource Councils, 2007

No-Coal and Reduced-Coal Scenarios

See also: Coal phase-out

• Beyond Business as Usual: Investigating a Future without Coal and Nuclear Power in the U.S., Synapse Energy Economics, May 5, 2010.
• Beyond Coal: Power, Public Health, and the Environment, Ontario Public Health Association, 2002
• Carbon Free and Nuclear Free by Arjun Makhijani, Ph.D., Nuclear Policy Research Institute and the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, 2007
• Clean Energy 2030, Google, 2008
• Climate 2030: A National Blueprint for a Clean Energy Economy, Union of Concerned Scientists, 2009
• The Energy Report: 100% Renewable Energy by 2050, World Wildlife Foundation, 2011
• The Energy Revolution: A Sustainable World Energy Outlook, Greenpeace International and European Renewable Energy Council, June 2008 (includes 13 national studies and 6 regional studies)
• Let buildings heat and cool themselves: How to kill coal in 10 years, Jon Ryann, Gristmill, February 20, 2008
• Repower America: Analysis, WeCanSolveIt.org, 2008
• Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security Mark Z. Jacobson, Energy and Environmental Science, December 1, 2008.
• Jon Ryann's heat pump scenario spreadsheet
• Scenarios for a low carbon, no-nuke future Gristmill, Gar Lipow, July 14, 2008
• A Solar Grand Plan Ken Zweibel, James Mason and Vasilis Fthenakis, Scientific American, December 2007
• Tackling Climate Change in the U.S.: Potential Carbon Emissions Reductions from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by 2030, American Solar Energy Society, January 2007
• The War on Coal: Think Outside the (Coal) Pits, Khosla Ventures, 2007 (PDF file)
• Time for Plan B: Cutting Carbon Emissions 80% by 2020, Lester R. Brown, Janet Larsen, Jonathan G. Dorn, and Frances C. Moore, Earth Policy Institute, July 2008
• Energy (R)evolution: A Sustainable USA Energy Outlook, Greenpeace, March 2009
• Bright Future: How to keep the Northwest’s lights on, jobs growing, goods moving and salmon swimming in the era of climate change, NW Energy Coalition, March 2009
• Near-Term Implications of a Ban on New Coal-Fired power Plants in the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, April 27, 2009

Philanthropy

See also: Philanthropy and the No-Coal Movement and Philanthropy and coal

• Design to Win: Philanthropy's Role in the Fight Against Global Warming, California Energy Associates, August 2007
• Taking Action on Climate Change, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation (PDF file)

Power Economics and Plant Financing

Coal Costs

• Erin McKittrick, M.S., David Coil, PhD, Niki Hoagland, and Bretwood Higman, PhD, Coal power is not cheap power - An analysis of generation type and electricity prices in the United States (2011), Groundtruth Trekking, 2012.
• Fossil Fuel Extraction and Western Economies Headwater Economics, April 2011
• Metin Celebi, Potential Coal Plant Retirements Under Emerging Environmental Regulations The Brattle Group, December 8, 2010
• Impact of EPA Rules on Power Markets Credit Suisse, September 2010
• Average Cost of Coal Delivered for Electricity Generation by State, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Comparative Electrical Generation Costs

Also see: Comparative electrical generating costs

• Ripe for Retirement: The Case for Closing America's Costliest Coal Plants, Union of Concerned Scientists report, 2012.
• Coal Plants in Transition: An Economic Case Study, Natural Capitalism Solutions, March 2010
• Southeast Energy Efficiency Study: Energy Efficiency in the South, Southeast Energy Efficiency Alliance, April 12, 2010
• Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis, version 3.0, Lazard, February 2009.
• Tracking the Sun: The Installed Cost of Photovoltaics in the U.S. from 1998-2007, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2/09
• Increasing Costs in Electric Markets, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, June 19, 2008
• What Are Current CO₂ Capture and Storage Technology Costs? EPRI, Congressional Staff Briefing, May 22, 2008

Decommissioning

• Coal Plant Decommissioning, Navigant Research, 2013 - estimated that closing and decommissioning coal plants will account for a multibillion dollar industry by the end of the decade (more than $5 billion in revenue by 2020).

Economic Impacts of Coal Imports

• Burning Coal, Burning Cash: Ranking the States that Import the Most Coal, Union of Concerned Scientists, May 2010; read CoalSwarm's article on this report here.

Financing

• Banking on Coal, Banktrack, 2013 - analysis of the portfolios of 100 leading commercial banks and their investments in the coal mining industry.
• Extreme Investments: U.S. Banks and the Coal Industry, Rainforest Action Network, 2013.
• Locked-in: The Financial Risks of New Coal-fired Power Plants in Today's Volatile International Coal Market, Sierra Club, 2012.
• Dirty Money: US Banks At the Bottom of the Class, Rainforest Action Network, 2012 Report.
• Bankrolling Climate Change: A Look into the Portfolios of the World’s Largest Banks Earthlife Africa Johannesburg and BankTrack, 2011
• Financing New Coal-Fired Power Plants The Climate Group, 2011
• Fossilized Thinking: The World Bank, Eskom, and the Real Cost of Coal The Center for International Environmental Law, March 2011
• A Risky Proposition: The Financial Hazards of New Investments in Coal Plants Union of Concerned Scientists, March 2011
• The Principle Matter: Banks, Climate and The Carbon Principles. Rainforest Action Network, January 2011.
• Deploying IGCC in this Decade with 3Party Covenant Financing, Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government, July 2004

Profits

• Billionaires Who Benefit From Today’s Climate Crisis International Forum on Globalization, December 2011

Risks

• Carbon Constraints Cast A Shadow Over The Future Of The Coal Industry, S&P's, July 2014
• Fossil fuels, energy transition & risk, The Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), July 2014

Proposed Coal Plants

• Tracking New Coal-Fired Power Plants, National Energy Technology Laboratory, January 5, 2009

Railroads

See also: Railroads and coal

• Exporting Powder River Basin Coal: Risks and Costs Western Organization of Resource Councils, January 2011
• Rail Transportation of Coal to Power Plants: Reliability Issues, Congressional Research Service, September 26, 2007

Regulation

• Practicing Risk-Aware Electricity Regulation: What Every State Regulator Needs to Know, Ceres, 2012.
• Wendy Wagner, Katherine Barnes, and Lisa Peters, Rulemaking in the Shade: An Empirical Study of EPA's Air Toxic Emission Standards. WCL Journals & Law Reviews, Vol. 63, Iss. 1, 2011.
• Coal Capacity at Risk for Retirement in PJM: Potential Impacts of the Finalized EPA Cross State Air Pollution Rule and Proposed National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants PJM Interconnection, August 2011.
• James E. McCarthy and Claudia Copeland, EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a “Train Wreck” Coming? Congressional Research Service, August 2011
• Impact of EPA Rules on Power Markets Credit Suisse, September 2010
• Rachel Escobar and Sue Gander, Clean and Secure State Energy Actions: 2010 Update. The National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) Report, August 2010
• Nathaniel O. Keohane, Richard L. Revesz, and Robert N. Stavins, The Choice of Regulatory Instruments in Environmental Policy, Harvard Environmental Law Review, 1998

Social costs of carbon

• Omitted Damages: What’s Missing From the Social Cost of Carbon, The Cost of Carbon Project, March 13, 2014

Shareholder risks of coal

• Leslie Lowe and Thomas Sanzillo, White Paper: Financial Risks of Investments in Coal As You Sow, 2011

Subsidies

See also Federal coal subsidies

• The fossil fuel bail-out: G20 subsidies for oil, gas and coal exploration, Oil Change International, November 2014
• Cashing in on All of the Above: U.S. Fossil Fuel Production Subsidies under Obama, Oil Change International, July 2014
• Green Scissors 2011: Cutting wasteful and environmentally harmful spending,' Green Scissors Report, 2011
• Estimating U.S. Government Subsidies to Energy Sources: 2002-2008, Environmental Law Institute, September 2009
• Reducing Coal Subsidies and Trade Barriers: Their Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Abatement Brookings Institute, November 1997; (Abstract); Also includes information on the significant releases of methane from coal mining

Transmission

See also: Coal and transmission

• Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid: A Preliminary Estimate of the Investment Requirements and the Resultant Benefits of a Fully Functioning Smart Grid Electric Power Research Institute, March 29, 2011
• Paul M. Grant, Chauncey Starr, and Thomas J. Overbye, A Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy, ScientificAmerican.com, 6/26/06
• Susan Tierney, A 21st Century “Interstate Electric Highway System” – Connecting Consumers and Domestic Clean Power Supplies, Analysis Group, October 31, 2008
• Green Power Superhighways, American Wind Energy Association and the Solar Energy Industries Association, February 2009
• Transmission Super Highways, ITC Holdings, March 2009

Water and coal

See also: Water consumption from coal plants and Water pollution from coal

• Closing the floodgates: How the coal industry is poisoning our water and how we can stop it, Ecowatch, August 2013.
• Geoff Keith, Sarah Jackson, Alice Napoleon, Tyler Comings, and Jean Ann Ramey, The Hidden Costs of Electricity: Comparing the Hidden Costs of Power Generation Fuels, Civil Society Institute report, September 2012.
• Wendy Wilson, Travis Leipzig & Bevan Griffiths-Sattenspiel, Burning Our Rivers: The Water Footprint of Electricity, River Network Report, April 2012.
• Averyt, K., J. Fisher, A. Huber-Lee, A. Lewis, J. Macknick, N. Madden, J. Rogers, and S. Tellinghuisen, Freshwater Use by U.S. Power Plants: Electricity’s Thirst for a Precious Resource. The Union of Concerned Scientists' Energy and Water in a Warming World initiative, November 2011 Report.

Utilities and Electricity Infrastructure

Electricity System

• Current State and Future Direction of Coal-fired Power in the Eastern Interconnection, ICF International, August 2013.
• Near-Term Implications of a Ban on New Coal-Fired power Plants in the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, April 27, 2009
• Tax Shift: Eliminating Subsidies and Moving to Full Cost Electricity Pricing, Ontario Clean Air Alliance Research, March 3, 2008

Utility Economics, Regulation, and Structure

• Annual Energy Outlook 2009, with Projections to 2030, U.S. Energy Information Administration, March 2009
• The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Industry 2000, An Update, U.S. Energy Information Administration, October 2000
• Near-Term Implications of a Ban on New Coal-Fired power Plants in the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, April 27, 2009

Utility Carbon Planning

• Marginal Carbon Dioxide Production Rates of the Northwest Power System, NW Power and Conservation Council, June 2008
• Henry Lee and Shashi Verma, Coal or gas: the cost of cleaner power in the Midwest, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2000

West Virginia and coal

• Sean O’Leary and Ted Boettner, Booms and Busts: The Impact of West Virginia’s Energy Economy West Virginia Center for Budget & Policy, July 2011